Новая зеландия топик на английском языке. New Zealand. Интересные факты о Новой Зеландии. Перевод топика: Новая Зеландия

Новая Зеландия
Новая Зеландия расположена в юго-западном Тихом океане на двух больших островах: Северный остров и Остров Южный. Его общая площадь - 268 112 км2.
Меньше чем 1/4. территория страны находится ниже контурной линии на 200 м. Остров Южный является значительно более гористым чем Северный остров. У Новой Зеландии есть умеренный, сырой океанский климат без отмеченных сезонных изменений в температуре или ливне.
Общая численность населения в 1986 была приблизительно 3.3 миллион человеками со средней плотностью населения приблизительно 12 человек км2. Приблизительно 85 % населения классифицированы как европейцы. Большинство из них имеет британцев, спускаются. Английский язык - универсальный язык.
Столица Новой Зеландии - Веллингтон. Как Соединенное Королевство, Новая Зеландия - конституционная монархия. Официально глава государства - британская Королева (или Король), чей представитель, генерал-губернатор, назначен для пятилетнего термина. Правительство Новой Зеландии демократично и смоделировано на том из Соединенного Королевства.
Экономика Новой Зеландии традиционно была основана на пасторальном сельском хозяйстве. Прошлые десятилетия видели большое расширение в легких промышленностях. Новая Зеландия привлекает много тысяч туристов к ее берегам из-за красоты, разнообразия, и компактности ее естественных достопримечательностей.

New Zealand
New Zealand is situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean on two large islands: the North Island and the South Island. Its total area is 268,112 sq.km.
Less than 1/4 of. the territory of the country lies below the 200 m contour line. The South Island is significantly more mountainous than the North Island. New Zealand has a temperate, moist ocean climate without marked seasonal variations in temperature or rainfall.
The total population in 1986 was about 3.3 mln people with an average population density of about 12 persons per sq.km. About 85 % of the population is classified as Europeans. Most of them are of British descend. English is the universal language.
The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. Like the United Kingdom, New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the British Queen (or the King) whose representative, the governor-general, is appointed for a five-year term. The government of New Zealand is democratic and modeled on that of the United Kingdom.
The economy of New Zealand has traditionally been based on pastoral farming. The last decades have seen a large expansion in light industries. New Zealand draws many thousands of tourists to its shores because of the beauty, diversity, and compactness of its natural attractions.

Questions:
1. Where is New Zealand situated?
2. What city is the capital of New Zealand?
3. What languages do people in New Zealand speak?
4. What is the official language in New Zealand?
5. Who is New Zealand’s head of state?
6. Who runs the national government?
7. Who were the first people to live in New Zealand?
8. What are the main industries of the country?

Новая Зеландия
Новая Зеландия - это островная страна на юго-западе Тихого океана. Она находится в 1600 км к северо-востоку от Австралии и приблизительно в 10500 км к юго-западу от Калифорнии. Новая Зеландия принадлежит к большой группе островов, которая называется Полинезией. Страна расположена на двух главных островах - Северном и Южном - и нескольких десятках более мелких островов. Большинство мелких островов удалены на сотни километров от главных островов.
Столица Новой Зеландии - Веллингтон, крупнейший город - Окленд. Государственный язык Новой Зеландии - английский, на нем говорят по всей стране. Коренное население, кроме английского, говорит на своем собственном языке - маорийском.
Когда-то страна входила в состав Британской империи. Сейчас она является независимым членом Британского Содружества, ассоциации Британии и нескольких бывших ее колоний.
Новая Зеландия является конституционной монархией.
Британский монарх, королева Соединенного королевства Елизавета II, является монархом Новой Зеландии. Она назначает генерал-губернатора, который ее представляет, однако генерал-губернатор не обладает большой властью. Законодательная власть, премьер-министр и кабинет осуществляют управление государством.
Британия дала Новой Зеландии конституцию в 1852 году, когда она была британской колонией. Однако за прошедшие годы законодательная власть Новой Зеландии изменила почти все ее положения. Сейчас это государство не имеет записанной конституции.
Первыми людьми, которые поселились в Новой Зеландии, были люди с коричневой кожей, называемые маори. Они пришли с Полинезийских островов, расположенных к северо-востоку от Новой Зеландии. Страна была открыта европейцами в 1642 году, однако они не селились на островах до конца XVIII века. Сегодня большинство новозеландцев являются потомками ранних европейских поселенцев. Маори составляют около 12% населения страны.
В Новой Зеландии уровень жизни - один из самых высоких в мире. Многие годы экономика страны в большой степени зависела от сельского хозяйства. Сегодня как сельскохозяйственная, так и производящая промышленность и сфера услуг важны для экономики. Новозеландская экономика зависит от торговли со многими странами: Австралией, Великобританией, Японией и Соединенными Штатами.

New Zealand Way of Life

New Zealand have a high standard of living. New Zealanders eat more butter and meat per person than do the people of any other country. The government’s medical program provides excellent health care. About 70% of New Zealand people own their houses. Almost every family has a car.
Most New Zealanders live in single-family houses with a small vegetable gardens. In the larger cities, some people live in high-rise apartment buildings. Almost in every New Zealand home there are refrigerators, wash mashines, and other modern electrical appliances. But air conditioning and central heating are rare because the weather rarely becomes extremely hot or extremely cold. In summer, New Zealanders prefer to keep windows open. In winter, fireplaces or electric heater keep the homes warm.
Although about fourfifths of New Zealand’s population live in urban areas, cities are uncrowded. Traffic jams seldom occur, even in downtown areas. Large cities have excellent restaurants, milk bars, theatres, concert halls, and other places of entertainment. City life in New Zealand tends to be rather quiet. However it is changing in larger cities, where international tourism is developing rapidly.
Near a fifth of New Zealand’s people live in rural areas - in some of them, small settlements are linked by good roads. But in other areas, rancher’s nearest neighbours may live kilometers away. Some ranchers live almost in isolation. Nevertheless, most farms and ranches have electricity. Many farm families run their farms with little or no hired help.

Questions:
1. Who pays for health care in New Zealand?
2. How many New Zealanders own their houses?
3. Where do the most New Zealanders live?
4. Are central heating and air conditioning popular in New Zealand? Why?
5. What does city life in New Zealand look like?
6. How do New Zealand farmers live?

Новозеландский стиль жизни
Новозеландцы обладают высоким уровнем жизни. Новозеландцы потребляют больше масла и мяса на душу населения, чем люди в какой бы то ни было стране. Эффективнейшая система здравоохранения обеспечивается правительственной медицинской программой. Около 70% новозеландцев владеют своими домами. Почти в каждой семье есть машина.
Большинство новозеландцев живут в домах на одну семью с небольшим огородом. В более крупных городах некоторые люди живут в высотных домах. Почти в каждом новозеландском доме есть холодильник, стиральная машина и другая современная бытовая техника. Однако кондиционеры и центральное отопление - редкое явление, так как погода очень редко бывает слишком жаркой или слишком холодной. Летом новозеландцы предпочитают не закрывать окна. Зимой камины и электрические обогреватели сохраняют тепло в доме.
Хотя около четырех пятых населения Новой Зеландии живет в городских районах, города не перенаселены. Пробки на дорогах случаются редко, даже в центре города. В больших городах есть превосходные рестораны, молочные бары, пабы, театры, концертные залы и другие места отдыха. Жизнь в большинстве городов Новой Зеландии довольно тихая. Хотя она изменяется в больших городах, где быстро развивается международный туризм.
Около пятой части новозеландцев живет в сельскохозяйственных районах. В некоторых из них маленькие поселки соединены хорошими дорогами. Но в других районах ближайшие соседи фермера могут жить в километрах друг от друга. Некоторые фермеры живут почти в изоляции. Тем не менее на большинстве ферм есть электричество. Многие фермерские семьи ведут хозяйство с небольшим количеством наемных рабочих или без них.

Новая Зеландия

Новая Зеландия — это островная страна на юго-западе Тихого океана. Она находится в 1 600 км к северо-восто­ку от Австралии и приблизительно в 10 500 км к юго-западу от Калифорнии. Новая Зеландия принадлежит к большой группе островов, которая называется Полинезией. Страна расположена на двух главных островах — Се­верном и Южном — и нескольких десятках более мелких островов. Большинство мелких островов удалены на сот­ни километров от главных островов.

Столица Новой Зеландии — Веллингтон, крупнейший город — — Окленд. Государственный язык Новой Зелан­дии — английский, на нем говорят по всей стране. Ко­ренное население, кроме английского, говорит на своем собственном языке — маори.

Когда-то страна входила в состав Британской импе­рии. Сейчас она является независимым членом Содруже­ства, ассоциации Британии и нескольких бывших ее ко­лоний.

Новая Зеландия является конституционной монархи­ей. Королева Великобритании Елизавета II является гла­вой государства Новой Зеландии. Она назначает генерал-губернатора, который ее представляет, однако генерал-гу­бернатор не обладает большой властью. Законодательная власть, премьер-министр и кабинет осуществляют управ­ление государством.

Британия дала Новой Зеландии конституцию в 1852 году, когда она была британской колонией. Однако за про­шедшие годы законодательная власть Новой Зеландии из­менила почти все ее положения. Сейчас это государство не имеет записанной конституции.

Первыми людьми, которые поселились в Новой Зелан­дии, были люди с коричневой кожей, называемые маори. Они пришли с Полинезийских островов, расположенных к северо-востоку от Новой Зеландии. Страна была открыта европейцами в 1642 году, однако они не селились на ост­ровах до конца XVIII века. Сегодня большинство новозе­ландцев являются потомками ранних европейских посе­ленцев. Маори составляют около 12% населения страны.

В Новой Зеландии уровень жизни — один из самых высоких в мире. Многие годы экономика страны в боль­шой степени зависела от сельского хозяйства. Сегодня как сельское хозяйство, так и обрабатывающая промыш­ленность и сфера услуг важны для экономики. Новозеландская экономика зависит от торговли со многими стра­нами: Австралией, Великобританией, Японией и Соеди-ненными Штатами.

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1 600 km southeast of Australia and about 10 500 km southwest of California. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island — and several dozen smaller islands. Most of the smaller islands are hundreds of kilometers from the main ones.

Wellington is the capital of New Zealand and Auckland is the largest city. English is the official language of New Zealand and is spoken throughout the country. Many native people speak their own language, Maori, in addition to English.

The country once belonged to the British empire. Today it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of Britain and a number of its former colonies, New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. She appoints a governor general to represent her, but the governor general has little power. The legislation, prime minister, and Cabinet run the national government.

Britain gave New Zealand a constitution in 1852, when it was a British colony. But through the years the New Zealand legislature has changed almost all its provisions. Today, the nation has no written constitution.

The first people who settled in New Zealand were a brown-skinned people called Maoris. They came from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand. The country was discovered by Europeans in 1642, but they did not start to settle in the islands until the late 1700’s. Today, most New Zealanders are descendants of the early European settlers. Maoris make up about 12% of the country’s population.

New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world. For many years, the economy of the country depended largely on agriculture. Today agriculture, manu- facturing, and service industries are all important to the economy. New Zealands economy depends on trade with many countries — Australia, Britain, Japan and the United States.

NEW ZEALAND
New Zealand is situated in southwest Pacific. The country consists of two large islands, North and South, and several smaller islands. The two main islands are separated from each other by the Cook Strait. New Zealand is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Tasman Sea in the west. The territory is small with the population more than three million people.
The relief of each of the islands is mostly hilly and mountainous. There are active volcanoes, geysers and hot springs in New Zealand. The highest peak is Mountain Cook in the Southern Alps on South Island. The climate of the country is mostly temperate with moderate rainfall.
The country has unusual animals and birds. The most interesting one, the kiwi, the non-flying bird, can be found only in New Zealand. It has become the national emblem of the country.
The national currency of New Zealand is dollar. The official language is English, but there is also the Maori
language spoken by the natives. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of Great Britain as the head of the country. Queen Elizabeth II is represented by Governor-General and the head of government is Prime Minister.
The capital of New Zealand is Wellington which is situated on North Island. It is the political centre of New Zealand because the House of Representatives and the residence of the Governor-General are situated there. There are several museums in Wellington. The Dominion Museum and the National Art Gallery are the most famous ones. Horse racing is very popular among the citizens of Wellington.
Auckland is the largest city-port in New Zealand. It is a big commercial and business centre of New Zealand. The city is full of parks and gardens. Most of them are situated on hills and give a beautiful view on the city.
New Zealand is an agricultural country. It specializes in sheep-breeding and exports lamb meat, sheep wool and butter.
This country is sometimes called Green Paradise because of its nature: green hills, clean water and air. I would love to visit this country.

Vocabulary:
constitutional монархия
currency ["bvransi] валюта
geyser ["gaiza] гейзер
Governor-General ["длуэпэ"ёзе п(э)г(э)1] генерал-губернатор
horse racing ["ho:sreism] лошадиные скачки
hot spring ["httt "spnrj] горячий источник
lamb meat ["lcem(m)i:t] мясо ягненка
moderate rainfall ["mt>d(3)nt remfo:l] умеренные осадки
native ["neitrv] коренной житель
non-flying ["nrtnflairi] не умеющий летать
separate отделять
sheep wool овечья шерсть
sheep-breeding ["fi:pbri:drri] овцеводство
temperate ["tempant] умеренный (о климате)

Questions:
1. Where is New Zealand situated? What does the country consist of?
2. What can you say about the relief of the country?
3. What unusual is there in New Zealand?
4. What can you say about the political system of the country?
5. What"s the capital of New Zealand? What do you know about it?
6. Why can New Zealand be called an agricultural country? Green Paradisel

New Zealand

New Zealand, an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth, is situated south-east from Australia. The country consists of three large islands and also many small islands. New Zealand is a mountainous country. New Zealand"s rivers are short. The climate in New Zealand is warm and the greater part of the country is well watered. There are good forests of evergreen trees and large areas are rich grasslands. New Zealand has very few native animals. The kiwi, a bird which lives in the forest and does not fly, is found nowhere else in the world. The kiwi is the national emblem of New Zealand. The main cities in North Island are Auckland, the largest city and port, and Wellington, the capital. Christchurch and Dunedin are the most important towns in South Island. New Zealand is sometimes called "The Britain of the Pacific", because the cities and towns of the country resemble very much those of England. New Zealand"s climate with rainfalls all the year round, is very favourable for dairying, sheep-farming and cattle-farming, as well as growing fruit, vegetables and flowers. The population of New Zealand is over three million people, more than two thirds of whom live in North Is-land. The Maori people make up eight per cent of the total population. The Maoris are famous for their folk-songs, music and dances, they are very skilled in wood-work. New Zealand is a self-governing state and a member of the Commonwealth. The Governor-General represents the King or Queen of England. The Parliament of the country consists of one house only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister heads the cabinet. The main political parties are the Labour Party and the National Party of New Zealand.

New Zealand

What is the name of the country which has volcanoes and rivers of ice, deer and sea-elephants? It is New Zealand, called the Land of the Long White Cloud by the Maoris. New Zealand is an island country. It is made up of three islands: the North and South Islands and Steward Island, a small land mass just to the south of (he South Island. Most of its people live in North Island, and that is where you find big volcanoes like Egmont and Tongariro and the boiling pools and geysers and lakes of bubbling mud. Auckland, Christ church and Wellington are the biggest cities. Wellington is the capital. South Island is larger than North Island and has the highest mountains. There you can find the snow-capped Southern Alps, rising 3.764 metres to the tip of Mount Cook (named after Captain Cook, of course, because he visited the islands before sailing on westwards and discovering the eastern coast of Australia). South Island is very beautiful with its Alps and lakes, its glaciers and fiords. Have you ever heard of Milford Sound? That is one of the most picturesque of the fiords, with cliffs rising straight up out of the water, the whole scene reflected in the water. Down there, too, are the Sunderland Falls, where water drops six hundred metres, making these falls one of the highest waterfalls in the whole world. So you can see there is plenty to look at in New Zealand. Plenty of things to do for tourists, because New Zealand is also famous for its fishing, snow sports, mountaineering, sailing and hiking. The climate is pleasant at all seasons, without much difference between winter and summer. New Zealand does not have the terrible heat of Australian summers; the oceans temper its climate and the mountains bring down quite a lot of rain. What do the people do? Farm mostly. Dairy products, meat and wool are the main exports. New Zealand ranks second only to Australia as an exporter of wool. There are many factories there too, with hydro-electric stations to produce the power for them. North Island is where you find the Maoris, the fine people who lived in these islands hundreds of years before the white man came. Most of them live near Auckland. The Maoris, a Polynesian people, are the aborigines of New Zealand. After long stays in Indonesia and the South Pacific, which they explored for many years, they made their great journey to New Zealand about the middle of the 14th century. They sailed in double canoes open to all weathers. They knew the winds, the ocean currents and the stars, and this earned them the name of Vikings of the Sunrise. The capital of New Zealand since 1865, and one of its busiest ports, Wellington is at southern end of North Island, lying among hills on the western side of a natural harbour. It is the third largest city in New Zealand. Auckland (the former capital) is the first largest city, and Christchurch is the second. The Maori name for Wellington Harbour means the great bay of Tara. According to Maori legend, Tara was the first Polynesian settler in this place. But Nicholson (after a Royal Navy captain) was the name given to it by the first British settlers, and it is still sometimes called by this name. In 1839 a British officer bought the site of Wellington from the Maoris; he got it in exchange for blankets and some other unimportant things. In 1840 the first settlers arrived and called their settlement Britannia. By 1842 there were 3.700 colonists in the settlement and Britannia had become Wellington. The kiwi is rather an unusual bird found only in New Zealand. It has no tail, almost no wings, and its nostrils are situated near the end of its bill. No other bird lays an egg so large in proportion to its size. Its egg is about one fifth of its own weight. This is a tremendous size. In many countries. New Zealander. too, are known as Kiwis, for the bird is also the symbol of people of the two islands. Forests of exotic pines near the centre of New Zealand"s North Island, cover an area of more than 160000 hectares. This is the largest single continuous area of planted forest in the world. New Zealand has more than four hundred thousand hectares of planted forests. The most important wood is pine, which grows five times faster in New Zealand than in its native habitat in California, USA.