Mikhail Lermontov - Borodino: Verse. Online reading of the book Borodino Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Borodino

This issue features a non-standard layout; large materials do not look like dull bricks, and various news, notes, announcements, letters from readers are arranged correctly, readable - nothing irritates the eye, and this is very important for the positive perception of any publication.

This time, the main Soviet superheroes, the cosmonauts, became the “culprits” of the somersaults.

SPACE IS CALLING

It is their bright faces that adorn the editorial page of “LP” and even - scary to say! - located above the newspaper’s logo and above the call “Workers of all countries, unite!” (I'm still in early childhood I asked myself a difficult question: how can the proletarians, that is, the poorest strata of the population, be able to unite all at once, without having a penny to do so? Now I understand, they apparently had to connect mentally, like people X from the film series of the same name and endless in its idiocy).

“New Victory in Space” is the name of the main material of the editorial of the district: “On June 1, 1970, in the Soviet Union, the Soyuz-9 spacecraft was launched into orbit of an artificial Earth satellite with a crew consisting of the ship’s commander, Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut, Colonel Nikolaev Andriyan Grigorievich, and flight engineer Candidate of Technical Sciences Sevastyanov Vitaly Ivanovich.”

The ship flew for 18 days, as planned, and made a safe landing “with high precision.” Throughout the flight, both equipment and people functioned perfectly, and the most important research tasks were completed. Superheroes - as always - did not let the country down. I love astronauts! After all, every flight, entry into orbit, and just the preparation itself is a feat!!!

That’s why in the Soviet state, with all the wealth of literature, there were never comics about superheroes (Epics about heroes don’t count)? Yes, because these superheroes existed with us, so to speak, alive! Andriyan Nikolaev is the first cosmonaut who worked in orbit without a spacesuit in 1962. Can you actually imagine this?

The first cosmonaut who participated in a military experiment in space (together with P.R. Popovich). Well, the husband of the great Valentina Tereshkova. A boy from a remote Chuvash village, thanks to his enormous work and natural talents became a space conqueror and a living legend during his lifetime. That's what was cool about the Soviet system - the opportunity, if you are something of yourself, to make your way to the shining peaks from the bottom.

PLOWERS COMPETITORS

Materials about agricultural workers are a true hit of Leninsky Put. Especially when these heroes of the fields (somehow I’m in a heroic mood today) demonstrate their skills and talents within the framework of socialist competitions familiar to people of those years. It’s interesting that the term “socialist competition” caught on quickly, but cap competition sounds simply terrible.

The machine operators competed again. “It was not easy to win: among the tractor drivers all were aces with solid experience behind them,” says author V. Dmitriev in his report entitled “And then they found large field..." Before the start, the kings of the fields train, stretch their bones, and inspect their cars for the hundredth time. “Nineteen strongest. Everyone wants to be first." Still would! What an honor!

“The cars are getting ready to start. The fight begins. Here and there there are plowed furrows. The judges—chief agronomists and farm engineers—are scurrying around busily…” the author presses. No, what did you think, harrowing is easy?! Yes, this is hellish work!

The honorary machine operator of the Pobeda state farm (the state farm was the coolest, by the way) Nikolai Rolnov gets the most points. “To the accompaniment of applause and cheers, the Secretary of the CPSU Civil Code E.I. Taraskin ties a red ribbon with the inscription “The best plowman of the region” to the leading worker. The awards have found a worthy tractor driver.” “He drove the unit with a steady hand...”

HEADQUARTERS ACT

On the third page of the district there are materials under the single harsh heading “Page of People's Control”. Did you know that “one of the forms of socialist democracy is the organs of people’s control”? Here is an example: “The plant of dry children's dairy products under construction in the city of Istra is a start-up plant. The builders committed to putting the facility into operation by December 25. To strengthen control over the progress of construction, a headquarters was created in March of this year to coordinate the activities of people’s control,” says S. Moskvina, chairman of the NK headquarters. There are seven active workers in this headquarters, and the headquarters has developed measures to help builders. To be honest, the measures of assistance to builders from the headquarters of social activists are beyond my understanding, but I will not be harmful anymore, people most likely sincerely tried to do something, as a rule, they monitored the sanitary condition of the premises.

The fourth page of “LP” continues the theme of control. In the section “Letters from the Kostrovsky state farm” there is a material signed by A. Suvorov “Criterion - high production efficiency” (in my opinion, the headlines in my favorite district could be more interesting, they often look ponderous, although these were the requirements of those years ). The material is also difficult to read, it is overloaded with numbers and statistical data, although behind all this there is actually a lot of work ordinary people, and the meticulous work of a journalist. And this always inspires respect. A. Suvorov, by the way, is generally a great guy, criticizes fairly, if necessary, castigates shortcomings, careless workers, laziness, neglect of duties, negligence: well done and Chief Editor N.I. Grebenshchikov, who does not step on the throat of journalistic song, but gives the authors the opportunity to reflect what is happening honestly and truthfully. The newspaper of those years is alive, and even now I want to hold it in my hands, read the non-standard texts, feel the pulse of the life in which my generation was just being born...

"GREEN MONSTER" FROM THE NETHERLANDS

That's the name of the new one racing car, created by Dutch designers, this is described on the last page of the newspaper.

Of course, this is information from ANP - TASS, but such things unobtrusively decorated the publication. Still a window to the world!

“The new model is about 7 meters long (wow!), and the inventors of this model hope to break the sound barrier with it.” And as the Internet says, with this car designer A. Arfons achieved record speeds 698.75; 875.69; 927.86 km/h)

Prepared by Ekaterina KAPRALOVA

The poem “Borodino” by M. Yu. Lermontov is read by Valery Barinov

“Tell me, uncle, it’s not for nothing
Moscow, burned by fire,
Given to the Frenchman?
After all, there were battles?
Yes, they say, even more!
It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers
About Borodin Day!

- Yes, there were people in our time,
Not that current tribe:
The heroes are not you!
They got a bad lot:
Not many returned from the field...
If it weren't God's will,
They wouldn't give up Moscow!

We retreated silently for a long time,
It was a shame, we were waiting for a fight,
The old people grumbled:
“What are we? for winter apartments?
Don't the commanders dare?
Aliens tear up their uniforms
About Russian bayonets?

And then we found a large field:
There is somewhere to go for a walk in the wild!
They built a redoubt.
Our ears are on top!
A little morning the guns lit up
And the forests have blue tops -
The French are right there.

I jammed the charge into the gun tightly
And I thought: I’ll treat my friend!
Wait a minute, brother, monsieur!
What is there to be cunning about, perhaps for a fight;
We'll go and break the wall,
Let's stand with our heads
For your homeland!

We were in a firefight for two days.
What's the use of such a trifle?
We waited for the third day.
Speeches began to be heard everywhere:
“Time to get to the buckshot!”
And here on the field of a terrible battle
The shadow of the night fell.

I lay down to take a nap by the gun carriage,
And it was heard until dawn,
How the Frenchman rejoiced.
But our open bivouac was quiet:
Who cleaned the shako, all battered,
Who sharpened the bayonet, grumbling angrily,
Biting a long mustache.

And only the sky lit up,
Everything suddenly began to move noisily,
The formation flashed behind the formation.
Our colonel was born with a grip:
Servant to the king, father to the soldiers...
Yes, I feel sorry for him: he was struck down by damask steel,
He sleeps in damp ground.

And he said, his eyes sparkling:
"Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us?
We'll die near Moscow,
How our brothers died!
- And we promised to die,
And they kept the oath of allegiance
We are in the Borodino battle.

Well, it was a day! Through the flying smoke
The French moved like clouds,
And everything is at our redoubt.
Lancers with colorful badges,
Dragoons with ponytails
Everyone flashed before us,
Everyone has been here

You will never see such battles!..
Banners were worn like shadows,
The fire sparkled in the smoke,
Damask steel sounded, buckshot screamed,
The soldiers' hands are tired of stabbing,
And prevented the cannonballs from flying
A mountain of bloody bodies.

The enemy experienced a lot that day,
What does Russian fighting mean?
Our hand-to-hand combat!..
The earth shook - like our breasts,
Horses and people mixed together,
And volleys of a thousand guns
Merged into a long howl...

It's getting dark. Everyone was ready
Start a new fight tomorrow morning
And stand until the end...
The drums began to crack -
And the Basurmans retreated.
Then we began to count the wounds,
Count comrades.

Yes, there were people in our time
Mighty, dashing tribe:
The heroes are not you.
They got a bad lot:
Not many returned from the field.
If it weren't for God's will,
They wouldn't give up Moscow!

You need to read the poem “Borodino” by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov as a response to an important date - it is timed to coincide with the quarter-century anniversary of the victory in the battle of the same name. This work is dedicated to the glorification of heroes, and its lyrical hero is an old soldier. This technique was atypical for that time, so reading “Borodino” in a literature lesson in the classroom can also be read as an innovative poem. Its fourteen stanzas are stylistically heterogeneous: hyperbole here coexists with vernacular, and the epithets are very muted, they make the work look like the speech of an ordinary person.

The text of Lermontov’s poem “Borodino” has a lot of musicality, it is very marching, which is why it later became a military song. Learning it completely in school is really necessary to understand what Russian history was for the poet. Today, many of his poetic statements in “Borodino” have become catchphrases. At the same time, reading online will bring you closer to the feeling of the mood that permeates the lines: from grief over the burning of Moscow to pride in the heroes. This work by the then young poet was published in Sovremennik and was approved by many authoritative critics.

“Tell me, uncle, it’s not without reason
Moscow, burned by fire,
Given to the Frenchman?
After all, there were battles,
Yes, they say, even more!
No wonder all of Russia remembers
About Borodin Day!

“Yes, there were people in our time
Not like the current tribe:
The heroes are not you!
They got a bad lot:
Not many returned from the field...
If it weren't God's will,
They wouldn't give up Moscow!

We retreated in silence for a long time.
It was a shame, we were waiting for a fight,
The old people grumbled:
“What are we? for winter apartments?
Don't you dare, commanders?
Aliens tear up their uniforms
About Russian bayonets?

I jammed the charge into the gun tightly
And I thought: I’ll treat my friend!
Wait a minute, brother monsieur!
What is there to be cunning about, perhaps for a fight;
We'll go and break the wall,
Let's stand with our heads
For your homeland!

And he said, his eyes sparkling:
"Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us?
We'll die near Moscow,
How our brothers died!
And we promised to die
And they kept the oath of allegiance
We are at the Battle of Borodino.

Well, it was a day! Through the flying smoke
The French moved like clouds
And everything is at our redoubt.
Lancers with colorful badges,
Dragoons with ponytails
Everyone flashed before us,
Everyone has been here.

The enemy experienced a lot that day,
What does Russian fighting mean?
Our hand-to-hand combat!..
The earth shook - like our breasts;
Horses and people mixed together,
And volleys of a thousand guns
Merged into a long howl...

It's getting dark. Everyone was ready
Start a new fight tomorrow morning
And stand until the end...
The drums began to crack -
And the Busurmans retreated.
Then we began to count the wounds,
Count comrades.

Yes, there were people in our time
Mighty, dashing tribe:
The heroes are not you.
They got a bad lot:
Not many returned from the field.
If it weren't for God's will,
They wouldn’t give up Moscow!”

The poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, written in 1837, is based on real events that took place during the period Patriotic War 1812. The battle on the Raevsky battery, which later became the main grain of the novel “War and Peace” by Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, for the entire Russian people became an indicator of a great feat, the center of the collision of light and darkness. It is in this poem that the author presents the people as the main arbiter of history and sadly recalls past heroic events.

Tell me, uncle, it’s not for nothing
Moscow, burned by fire,
Given to the Frenchman?
After all, there were battles,
Yes, they say, even more!
No wonder all of Russia remembers
About Borodin Day!

Yes, there were people in our time
Not like the current tribe:
The heroes are not you!
They got a bad lot:
Few returned from the field...
If it weren't God's will,
They wouldn't give up Moscow!

We retreated silently for a long time,
It was a shame, we were waiting for a fight,
The old people grumbled:
“What are we going to do? Go to winter quarters?
Don't you dare, commanders?
Aliens tear up their uniforms
About Russian bayonets?"

We were in a firefight for two days.
What's the use of such a trifle?
We waited for the third day.
Speeches began to be heard everywhere:
"Time to get to the buckshot!"
And here on the field of a terrible battle
The shadow of the night fell.

The poem “Borodino” begins with a dialogue between a combat participant and a descendant who expresses doubt whether all the actions of the commanders and military men at that time were really justified. To which the soldier, with a hint of sadness, compares the past heroic times, the feat of Russian soldiers with the present. The hero of the poem, who is characterized by a certain romanticism, notes that the current generation is not distinguished by decisive actions and is waiting. The ring composition of the poem only enhances these feelings.

The use of dialogue helps Lermontov use simple language, understandable images, and a dose of soldierly humor not only to connect two generations, but also to create vivid images that shape the narrative.

Description of the main battle

The second part of the poem is a narrative about the course of the general battle that took place near Moscow. With annoyance, the narrator notes that for two days the Russian army retreated, there were skirmishes that had no result. Therefore, by the third day, the soldiers were mentally prepared for a major, decisive battle that was supposed to change the course of history. The realization that behind Moscow is the heart of Russia, the capital, to which the enemy should not be allowed, was the main motivation for the entire Russian army.

Throughout the night before the battle, the soldiers prepared their weapons and prepared for battle. Only a few were able to sleep. The moral incentive for the Russian army was the “rejoicing of the French,” which was heard from the enemy side.

The author assigns a special role in the poem to the colonel, who died in battle as a result. His fiery speech at dawn before the battle, his fatherly appeal to the soldiers, strengthened their spirit. Here the author draws the reader's attention to the fact that Russian soldiers were ready to die during the battle, but not to let the French through.

The description of the battle itself, filled with the confrontation of fire and shadows, tension, countless opponents, and the courage of Russian soldiers, merges into one general perception of the roar of artillery fire, falling bodies, and the shaking of the earth. And only when the French drums sounded, giving the signal to retreat, the Russian soldiers were able to count their comrades and carry the wounded from the field.

But, having survived such a terrible battle, the Russian man, who bears responsibility for the Motherland, prepares for the next day, for a new battle. The poet’s use of the pronouns “I” and “we”, following each other, helps descendants realize the community and unity of the heroic people in the face of danger.

The history of writing the poem

The events of the Patriotic War of 1812 are interpreted ambiguously by historians. Experts have differing opinions regarding the outcome of the Battle of Borodino. European publications give the right of victory to Napoleon's army, although with some reservations. Russian and Soviet researchers believe that the battle was won by Russian troops under the command of General Kutuzov. Despite such an obvious discrepancy in the interpretation of the outcome of the battle near the village of Borodino, it is obvious that during the battle all the patriotism and heroism of the Russian people was revealed.

Mikhail Yuryevich’s cousin, Afanasy Alekseevich Stolypin, was a participant in the hostilities that took place near the village of Borodino. Close relationships and a small age difference, only 26 years, contributed to close communication between relatives. It is to Afanasy Alekseevich that the first words of the poem are addressed: “Tell me, uncle...”.

The colorful stories of my grandfather, a hero of the Patriotic War, who distinguished himself in battle and was noted by the commander-in-chief himself, became the main impetus for writing “Borodino”. In society and at social evenings, Lermontov communicated closely with other participants in the battle. The author gleaned a large amount of information about the battle during conversations with ordinary peasants who also participated in the battle.

"Borodin's Field"

The poem "Borodin's Field", written by Lermontov in 1830, was the first praise of the people's feat. Already in it, critics note the images and paintings of the battle, which became the basis for the author’s greatest work. Inspired by the work of Scott's poem and Davydov's lyrics, Mikhail Yuryevich tests his talent by writing a similar poem. The sixteen-year-old poet creates a specific sketch, a sketch of the future work.

As in the final version, the narrator is a participant in the Battle of Borodino. It remains unclear which branch of the military he belongs to. The original style of storytelling belongs to a simple soldier from the people. A little later, speech patterns characteristic of high society appear. In the poem "Borodino", written later, main character is an artilleryman. This becomes clear from the words: “I hammered the charge into the gun tightly...”.

This also applies to the vivid image of the commander, who plays an important role in describing the mood of the soldiers. The 1830 version contains a short passage in which the leader calls the army to battle. But six years later Lermontov added and clarified the description of the image. The commander in Borodino is an experienced strategist, patriot, military leader, whom the soldiers call “father.”

Timed to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the Patriotic War, the poem “Borodino” was published in the Sovremennik magazine in the same year. Immediately receiving recognition from readers and many positive reviews from critics, the poem became the basis for numerous research works.

Means of artistic expression

The poem "Borodino" begins with a dialogue, which allows for a comparison between Russia during the Patriotic War and the Russia that the author observes 25 years later. At the same time, the narrator, a simple soldier, clearly defines his point of view regarding his descendants. The author emphasizes that the narration is told on behalf of a native of the people by using colloquial expressions. But in the text you can also find pompous phrases that emphasize the scale of the battle and the greatness of the people.

The author depicts the emotional stress experienced by soldiers on the battlefield using rhetorical exclamations, metaphors and figurative expressions. The special mood of the part of the poem that describes preparations for battle helps to create the subtle irony and humor with which a simple soldier addresses the enemy. Thus, he emphasizes his contempt for the French.

Of great importance in realizing the unity of the Russian army is the subtle psychological transition from the pronoun “I” to “we”. Preparations for battle and the overall picture are shown from the narrator's perspective. However, from the moment the battle begins, only the plural pronoun is heard. Thus, the united spirit of the soldiers, absolute trust in each other, and integrity of aspirations are emphasized.

The contrast between the two armies is also a distinctive feature of the great work. Lermontov describes the French as invaders counting on a quick and easy victory, in anticipation of prey, as evidenced by the words: “How the Frenchman rejoiced...”. Russian soldiers, exhausted and outraged by the long retreat, are carefully preparing for battle.

The poem “Borodino” is of great importance in the perception of the Russian people during the Patriotic War of 1812. For him, Moscow is the heart of Russia, and its defense is a justification for the numerous victims of the Russian army. The Battle of Borodino is the bloodiest one-day battle recorded in history. world history. And Lermontov recognizes the victory in this battle as liberating and fair. The writer is a real treasure of Russia.