Exercising for angina is a must. Physical activity for coronary heart disease Breathing exercises for angina using the Buteyko method

Cardiac bypass surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia. At the site of the lesion, the surgeon makes an incision and isolates the vessel affected by plaques; incisions are made in the area where the future shunt will be sutured. After which the doctor sews the ends of the shunt directly to the vessel itself. Blood flow has resumed.

To find out how successful the operation was, the doctor performs angiography and duplex ultrasound scanning after the operation. If bypass surgery is performed, reviews may be different, both good and not so good. In any case, you need to choose a highly qualified specialist to perform the operation.

Cardiac vascular bypass surgery: postoperative period

The postoperative recovery period after bypass surgery lasts up to ten days. The seams are washed with a variety of antiseptic solutions to avoid rotting and contamination. If the wounds heal successfully, the sutures are successfully removed on the seventh day after surgery. Then the safety electrode is also removed.

The places where veins were taken for shunts can be carefully washed at home from time to time. Complications after such an operation are rare and are usually associated with inflammation in the wound area or swelling. Less commonly, another blockage of a new vessel or bleeding from a wound may be detected.

The creation of a new section of the vessel due to bypass surgery leads to the following results:

• the risk of a heart attack in the future is minimized;
• the patient's lifespan increases significantly;
• cessation of angina attacks;
• the overall physical condition of the patient improves;
• there is an improvement in blood flow to the patient’s heart muscle;
• the need for drug treatment is reduced to a minimum.

For cardiac bypass surgery, the cost is quite high and largely depends on the chosen clinic.

Exercise therapy for angina pectoris

Diseases of the heart muscle and the heart itself are quite dangerous for everyone’s health. They significantly worsen the quality of life, make a person less active, cause discomfort and severe pain. In case of heart disease, the patient must comply with a large number of rules, requirements and restrictions.

The current trend is that not only people of retirement age suffer from such ailments, as was the case several decades ago. Heart and myocardial diseases are quite common among young people. The main reason for this phenomenon is the low level of the number of children and adolescents involved in sports, their inactive lifestyle and nutrition with low-quality, completely unhealthy foods high in sugar, animal fat, “bad” cholesterol, etc.

Angina pectoris is a consequence of ischemia. It manifests itself in frequent and fairly prolonged pain attacks. In order to reduce discomfort and improve the patient’s well-being, a variety of therapy methods are used. One of them includes exercise therapy for angina pectoris.

The nature of the loads during angina pectoris

Therapeutic physical training is one of the most effective means in the fight against angina pectoris. Low activity with this disease can only worsen the patient’s condition. But it is important to choose the right set of exercises. This largely depends on the degree of development of the disease. It is worth considering the nature of the loads at each stage of angina.

Diagnosis of the disease and selection of the necessary therapy for its treatment should be carried out by a professional cardiologist. Do not try to choose a course of treatment on your own; this may not only be ineffective, but also dangerous for your health.

initial stage

At this stage of angina, patients experience virtually no discomfort or pain. The disease manifests itself quite rarely, attacks are usually short-lived.

At this stage, exercises for angina pectoris should last about 25-30 minutes. They can be intense and dynamic, but without high stress on the heart. A set of exercises is selected that allows you to engage and develop all muscle groups and improve the tone of internal organs.

Typical stage

The typical stage appears only during physical activity of the patient. When walking for a long time, climbing stairs, or performing intense workouts, symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness, increased heart rate, etc. may appear. Deterioration of the condition is also observed under stress and emotional overstrain.

At a typical stage of development of angina pectoris, the patient is allowed to engage in physical activity, but all exercises should be performed in a less intense mode. Between approaches it is necessary to take breaks, during which it is worth normalizing breathing and heart rate.

The duration of the complex should not be more than 15-20 minutes. During it, the patient must carefully monitor the pulse rate. If it changes by more than 15%, you should stop the complex or reduce the intensity.

Sharply expressed stage

The sharply expressed stage is the most acute of all those presented above. The patient may feel discomfort even in a state of complete rest. Such a patient should be limited from high-intensity physical exertion and prolonged types of activity.

But even with a pronounced stage, the patient can be prescribed exercise therapy. All exercises should be performed calmly. If they are difficult and cause shortness of breath, dizziness, pain in the heart, then you should rest a little and reduce the amplitude of execution.

The duration of the workout should not be more than 10-15 minutes. Of these, approximately 5 minutes are allocated for rest between exercises.

When the first symptoms of an attack appear, you should immediately stop training and contact a specialist.

Set of exercises

Cardiologists have developed a universal set of exercises that is suitable for the early stages of angina development. Before using it, you should definitely consult a specialist.

Warm-up

The first thing you need to start with is a warm-up. It will help warm up the body a little, preparing it for subsequent exercises, which will make them more effective.

Stand straight with your feet shoulder-width apart. Alternately tilt your body forward, backward, right and left. Do it slowly, look straight ahead. Repeat this exercise about 10-15 times.

Raise your arms high up. Stand on your toes and stretch as high as possible. Return to the starting position. Repeat this 10 times.

Place a fitness mat on the floor. Lie on your back, spread your arms and legs as far as possible to the sides, without straining too much. Bend your fingers on your upper and lower extremities alternately. This exercise is done at an average pace, the number of repetitions is 5-6 times. When performing the exercise, try to relax as much as possible and normalize your breathing.

Lying in the same position, move the toes of your lower extremities so that they turn outward and inward. Repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

Main part

Lying on your back, pull your shoulders as high as possible, trying to touch them to the tips of your ears. Do the exercise slowly and measuredly, watch your breathing. Repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

Bend your upper limbs at the elbows and your lower limbs at the knees while lying down. Describe them one by one in a circle. Maintain a measured pace of exercise. Repeat approximately 5 times on each limb.

Lying on your back, perform a bridge without lifting your lower back from the floor. Raise your pelvis as high as possible. Do this exercise 3 times. Like all the previous ones, you need to do it slowly, monitor your breathing and heart rate.

And the last exercise is knee extensions in a lying position. Do it 3-4 times.

Hitch

The cool-down is the final part of the workout, which allows you to consolidate the effect of all previously performed exercises. The simplest type of cool-down is walking in place. In the early stages, 1 minute of measured walking will be enough. Afterwards you can increase its duration.

These exercises must be performed several times a day, increasing the number of repetitions over time. This therapy should be strictly supervised by the attending physician.

Breathing exercises

An equally effective type of therapy is breathing exercises for angina pectoris. It is used to treat many other diseases that are associated with excess weight, disorders of the reproductive system, etc.

Objectives of breathing exercises for angina pectoris

Breathing exercises have several tasks. Among them are:

• Strengthening and increasing the tone of the diaphragm.
• Saturation of the myocardium with oxygen.
• Correct breathing.
• Stabilization of metabolism.
• Feeling better.
• Increasing immunity to various viral diseases.
• Normalization of the emotional background.
• Stabilization of heartbeat.

Varieties

There are several types of breathing exercises. They differ from each other in the technique of execution and the place of occurrence. The following varieties are distinguished:

• Bodyflex. This method is actively used between the main exercises of therapeutic physical culture. Bodyflex is performed in several stages. It is aimed at saturating oxygen not just an individual organ, but the entire organism. This method is used to get rid of a wide variety of ailments - from extra pounds to cardiovascular diseases.
• Oxysize. It is used during physical exercise. The breathing rhythm increases, which allows you to saturate the body with oxygen as much as possible.
• Jianfei. The birthplace of this technique is China. It includes several types of exercises (“lotus”, “wave”, etc.) that anyone can do. This technique is used both for cardiovascular diseases and to improve well-being and get rid of extra pounds in problem areas.

Execution Rules

Regardless of which type of breathing training you have chosen, there are basic rules for each of them. They allow you to achieve maximum effect from therapy. The following rules are distinguished:

• Carefully monitor the pattern of air inhalation. It should be done only with the nose. Take a fairly quick and sharp breath.
• It is better to exhale through the mouth. Unlike the entrance, it should be quite slow and measured. The release of air should be as silent as possible.
• Entries can be performed both simultaneously with exercises and in breaks between them.
• When performing breathing exercises, be sure to keep track of the count. You need to count silently so as not to lose your breath.
• It is worth choosing the most comfortable position for performing the exercises. You can do gymnastics while sitting, standing or lying down.
• You need to perform breathing exercises twice: in the morning before meals and in the evening 1-2 hours after.
• Breathing exercises should only be performed on an empty stomach.
• During the warmer months, try to exercise outdoors. This will make the exercises more effective. They can be performed either standing still or while walking slowly.
• If you perform breathing exercises at home, carefully prepare the room for this. It must be well ventilated in advance.

Contraindications

Breathing exercises during attacks are a very effective and efficient therapy that has virtually no side effects. But there is also a group of people who should give it up. These people include:

• Nursing women.
• Women who are carrying a child.
• Persons with acute forms of chronic illness.
• Patients with inflammatory diseases of the large or small pelvis.
• Patients suffering from adenomyosis.

Additional physical activity and breathing exercises will help get rid of the causes and symptoms of angina, significantly improve the patient’s condition and well-being, and normalize the functioning of all organs. But such treatment should be selected with specialists.

What physical activities are possible for varicose veins, and what are not?

What physical activities for varicose veins will not harm your health? Is it even possible to play sports with this disease? Varicose veins are quite common, so all these questions are very relevant. So is it worth giving your already sore legs additional stress or spending more time resting? Let's look into these issues.

A little about the disease itself

To understand what kind of physical activity for varicose veins of the legs will not harm the body, you should first get acquainted with the disease. The most noticeable sign of the disease is protruding veins on the lower limb. But the losses in the aesthetic side are the least. Varicose veins cause much more problems in the physiological area.

With this disease, the patient’s elasticity of the walls of blood vessels is impaired, and the functioning of the valves in the veins deteriorates.

As a result, blood begins to stagnate in the lower extremities, causing the following consequences:

1. Swelling develops in the lower extremities. At the beginning of the disease they occur only temporarily, usually at the end of the day. Further, the swelling becomes permanent and gradually rises higher up the lower leg.
2. Painful sensations. They are especially evident in the area of ​​problem veins.
3. The patient feels heaviness in the legs all day or evening.
4. Over time, non-healing ulcers may appear on the skin.

Indeed, a person who constantly engages in heavy physical work may eventually develop all the symptoms of varicose veins. But this does not mean that the patient should be at rest for more time. This behavior can only make the situation worse. What sports are suitable, what exercises can be performed for varicose veins of the lower extremities?

• Swimming. In an aquatic environment, the load on the joints is reduced, and this is exactly what is necessary in the case of varicose veins of the lower extremities. In addition, exercises in the pool are performed with increased energy. As a result of this load, blood circulation is normalized, blood composition is improved and metabolic processes in the body are accelerated.

• Walking in the fresh air. This activity is useful for improving the general condition of the body, including blood circulation. Doctors recommend walking for at least half an hour every day. At the same time, the walk should be comfortable, so you need to choose the right shoes and constantly monitor the uniformity of your breathing.
• You can go cycling. During the trip, the patient actively works with his legs in a certain rhythm. Such actions prevent blood stagnation.

Another sport that is not so common in our country will help in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities - golf. During the game you need to walk a lot, but a high tempo is not required. Golf can even replace daily half-hour walks, but it is better to combine these two activities.

In the early stages of varicose veins of the lower extremities you can:

• visit fitness rooms;
• go dancing;
• run.

But these sports should be practiced only after consultation with a specialist. Only a doctor can accurately determine the level of stress that is suitable for the patient’s body in accordance with the stage of varicose veins.

The safest sport, from the point of view of experts, is gymnastics.

There are many sets of exercises that help improve blood circulation in the lower extremities and relieve feelings of heaviness and pain. Most of them are done in a supine position.

• "birch";
• "bike";

• "scissors" and others.

Such sets of exercises are often recommended for people at risk. If the patient’s family has varicose veins or his work involves constant sitting or standing, then such exercises should be carried out every evening. Such prevention will help to avoid early manifestations of varicose veins or get rid of them altogether.

What can't you do?

The disease “varicose veins of the lower extremities” also imposes some restrictions on sports and other physical activities.

In particular, with this disease, doctors categorically prohibit:

1. Professionally engage in any kind of sports. Walking, cycling and swimming should only keep you healthy.
2. Working with weights. This is especially true for lifting large loads upward. With such actions, the load on the joints and blood vessels of the lower extremities increases.
3. You should not engage in sports during which there is a risk of injury to your legs. Hockey, skiing, football and other games are best avoided.

If the patient has varicose veins of the lower extremities, then the load on the joints should be minimized. In this regard, you cannot squat, run fast or jump. All this puts additional stress on the blood vessels, which are already struggling to cope with their functions. Any extreme loads on the lower limbs should be excluded.

To prevent physical exercise from causing harm, you should visit a doctor before going to the gym. Only a specialist can accurately tell a patient with varicose veins which exercises are contraindicated for him and which will lead to a positive result. Indeed, in addition to problems with the veins of the lower extremities, the patient may have other diseases.

Angina pectoris is a clinical form of coronary artery disease, characterized by attacks of sudden chest pain caused by acute insufficiency of blood supply to the heart muscle. The pain is localized behind the sternum or to the left of it, spreads to the left arm, left shoulder blade, neck, and is squeezing, pressing or burning in nature. In most cases, angina is a consequence of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

A distinction is made between angina pectoris, when attacks of pain occur during physical activity (walking, climbing stairs, carrying heavy objects), and angina pectoris at rest, in which an attack occurs without connection with physical effort, for example during sleep.

There are several options (forms) for the course of angina: rare attacks, stable angina (attacks under the same conditions), unstable angina (increased attacks that occur at lower voltages than before), pre-infarction state (increases frequency, intensity and duration attacks, resting angina appears).

In the treatment of angina pectoris, regulation of the motor mode is important: it is necessary to avoid physical activity that leads to an attack; in case of unstable and pre-infarction angina, the regimen should be limited to bed rest. In addition, limiting the volume and caloric content of food, as well as the use of medications that improve coronary circulation and eliminate emotional stress, play an important role.

Objectives of therapeutic physical culture: stimulate neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms to restore normal vascular reactions during muscle work, improve the function of the cardiovascular system, activate metabolism (fight atherosclerotic processes), improve the emotional and mental state, ensure adaptation to physical activity.

In conditions of inpatient treatment for unstable angina and pre-infarction conditions, therapeutic exercises are started after the cessation of severe attacks on bed rest, for other types of angina - on ward rest. As you progress through all subsequent modes, motor activity gradually expands. The method of therapeutic physical culture is the same as for myocardial infarction. Transfer from mode to mode is carried out at an earlier date. New starting positions (sitting, standing) are included in classes immediately, without preliminary careful adaptation. Walking in the ward mode starts from 30-50 m and is increased to 200-300 m, in the free mode - up to 1-1.5 km. The pace of walking is slow, with breaks for rest.

At the sanatorium or outpatient stage of rehabilitation treatment, the motor mode depends on the functional class to which the patient is classified. The same motor regimen and therapeutic physical training are prescribed to patients who suffered a myocardial infarction more than a year ago, and to patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis.

Insufficient oxygen supply to the heart due to narrowing of the arteries and their clogging with plaque leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD).

There can be many reasons: alcohol abuse, poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle that contributes to the development of physical inactivity, constant stress and overwork, smoking or bad heredity.

Sports and coronary heart disease are a good combination, because thoughtful exercises that take into account the recommendations of specialists help patients restore vitality and fight the disease.

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• Can give you an ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS only DOCTOR!
• We kindly ask you NOT to self-medicate, but make an appointment with a specialist!
• Health to you and your loved ones!

You should never give up; people, even with the most terrible diagnoses, often live to a ripe old age.

What is the benefit

Exercise is beneficial for the body as a whole. People suffering from a variety of diseases, including coronary heart disease, make a huge mistake by completely giving up exercise.

After all, regular exercise, doing simple exercises, and leading an active lifestyle can improve your health and achieve visible results:

• Lose excess weight by burning fat, which ultimately reduces the likelihood of developing or progressing diabetes;
• be able to stay in good shape and form even in stressful life situations that require maximum endurance and patience;
• normalize the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, due to which the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis is significantly reduced;
• prevent disorders of bone metabolism, as a result of which older people suffer from frequent fractures due to low bone density and increased fragility;
• reduce the likelihood of vessel damage, which causes the formation of a blood clot and the development of pathological processes;
• improve well-being, lift your mood, normalize sleep;
• reduce the likelihood of cerebral hemorrhage by stabilizing pressure.

Daily physical activity can prevent the development of many diseases. The main condition is not to wait for the first symptoms to appear, but to immediately take care of your health. This is not only about physical activity; in parallel, it is advisable to quit smoking and minimize the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Each disease requires an individual approach when choosing the type of load and frequency of exercise. Atherosclerotic plaque, the formation of which is the main cause of oxygen starvation, narrows the arteries responsible for cardiac blood supply.

As a result, coronary heart disease develops, in which you can only resort to certain physical activities.

If you are overactive, the heart muscle, suffering from a lack of oxygen, may not be able to withstand the load, which contributes to the development of angina pectoris.

Depending on the severity and progression of the disease, medication or surgery may be required

The worst case scenario is a heart attack, which can sometimes be fatal. Having survived it, some people begin to be afraid to take the extra step so that the heart attack does not happen again, not realizing that they are harming their health even more.

A person suffering from coronary artery disease will benefit from daily 40-minute light workouts. Once every three days you need to take breaks, the approximate total number of classes per week is 5. If you overdo it, strong physical activity can only do harm. The result is an attack of angina or a heart attack.

The benefits of moderate physical activity in the development of coronary artery disease are as follows:

• Strengthening of heart vessels, clogging and narrowing of which resulted from the development of atherosclerosis. The level of good cholesterol in the blood increases, and the development of heart failure subsides.
• People who have had a heart attack are 7 times less likely to have a heart attack again. The mortality rate decreases by 6 times. The data was obtained through research by experienced doctors who compared the performance of people who were active and those who preferred a sedentary lifestyle.

You can also give a lot of arguments showing that sports and coronary heart disease are a sure way, if not of getting rid of the problem, then certainly of stopping the active progression of the disease.

Walking is an integral part of any rehabilitation course. If there is no deterioration in the condition, their duration gradually increases. The same is true with physical activity. The main thing is not to overdo it, so each lesson should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

During the rehabilitation procedure, the patient experiences increased heart rate. This is normal if, when performing physical activity, this figure increases by no more than 20%.

Its increase to 30% is allowed only in the case of a positive effect of rehabilitation after increasing loads. Depending on the age of the patient, individual lessons are prescribed.

Before discharge, the doctor may additionally prescribe a course of medication and indicate the frequency of visits to the attending physician. And the main condition that is stipulated is the performance of light daily housework.

You shouldn’t wait for symptoms of serious diseases to appear; you need to regularly take care of your health and lead an active lifestyle, eliminating bad habits as much as possible.

The importance of sports and forms of coronary heart disease

Many cardiologists and professors are conducting their own developments in the field of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients suffering from coronary heart disease.

Russian professor Aronov D.M. developed his own methodology, according to which patients were divided into four classes, influencing the list of physical activities intended for them.

Forms of manifestation of angina depending on the functional class of the disease:

According to the theory of a leading Russian specialist, patients of the first functional class are recommended to exercise daily physical activity, perform housework and garden work.

At the same time, you should avoid overwork; if you begin to feel weak or your pulse increases sharply, it is better to postpone your planned activities until the next day.

Patients belonging to the second and third functional classes should slightly narrow their type of activity, refusing to do housework in an uncomfortable position, or long walks at a brisk pace. In this case, the intervals between physical activity should be increased and their duration reduced.

Patients belonging to the fourth functional class should completely refuse to perform physical activity. Any heavy lifting or walking can cause another attack of angina.

Only light housework, such as dusting or washing dishes, is permitted. And then there should always be a person nearby who, if necessary, will provide first aid.

Optimal load

Exercises performed by patients who have had a heart attack should be varied to ensure the simultaneous development of the following physical qualities of a person:

Heart-related diseases must be approached with special responsibility. Especially when it comes to rehabilitation after complications: myocardial infarction, progression of unstable angina, etc.

In order to achieve a positive effect, in parallel with performing physical activity, it is necessary to follow the instructions of the attending physician regarding the use of medications, while being under his supervision.

Sometimes surgery may also be required.

To ensure that exercise brings only pleasure and at the same time is beneficial for health, it is recommended to adhere to the following tips:

• Perform physical exercises that bring positive emotions. To make it more fun, you can involve your friends or relatives in the activities.
• When traveling to a distant store, cinema or other destination, you can get off the minibus one stop earlier and cover the remaining route on foot.
• When living in a multi-storey building, it is better to climb several floors on your own, without using an elevator, increasing the duration of the route every day.
• To add variety to your daily walks, you can take a dog with you, who will guarantee a cheerful mood and draw only positive emotions. A dog in the house is a guarantee that the owner, because of his laziness, will not refuse another trip to the fresh air.

Every person should devote maximum time to their health, especially when it comes to heart disease. A reasonable approach to physical activity and moderately active life have never harmed anyone.

Previously, this disease was called “angina pectoris” in official medical reference books; currently this name is preserved in folk medicine. May be accompanied by arrhythmia (unstable pulse). The pain syndrome is characterized by an unexpected sudden onset and irradiation to adjacent areas of the human body: neck, between the shoulder blades, left shoulder, jaw.

The duration of the attack, as a rule, does not exceed 15 minutes. You can speed up the process of relieving pain by stopping the activity that caused the pain and taking a drug from the pharmacological group of nitrates, which has a short-term effect.

Below we will consider a set of breathing and physical exercises for performing in a hospital setting and at home in order to prevent the occurrence of pain and emergency relief of an attack without the use of drug therapy.

The feasibility and importance of breathing exercises and physical exercises for angina pectoris

Non-drug therapy after diagnosing angina pectoris is aimed at reducing the risk of developing myocardial infarction due to coronary heart disease (CHD) by changing the patient’s usual lifestyle.

• It is advisable to completely quit smoking or minimize the use of tobacco. This is aimed at indirectly restoring the functions of the cardiovascular system through influence through the respiratory system of the human body.
• Moderate physical activity aimed at combating physical inactivity and, as a result, stimulating the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
• The appointment of an indefinite therapeutic diet associated with a decrease in the daily diet of salt, as well as fried and spicy foods, is indicated.

These recommendations, together with physical therapy and a complex of breathing exercises, are aimed at ensuring a favorable prognosis for angina pectoris and stopping the transition of the syndrome to coronary heart disease with the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction.

Physical therapy and breathing exercises not only have a beneficial effect on all body systems by improving blood flow and accelerating metabolic processes, but also make it possible to simultaneously suppress an attack of angina.

Contraindications for angina pectoris

The main contraindications for angina are related to preventing the development of hypertension. In this regard, it is important to avoid excessive physical activity and the use of psychostimulants (coffee, ginseng, eleutherococcus, dishes high in hot pepper and salt, and so on). The presence of angina pectoris syndrome in most cases indicates weakness of the blood vessels, and therefore it is not recommended to make sudden movements (including quickly getting out of bed when waking up, etc.). In most cases, it is not recommended to prescribe spa treatment.

Therapeutic physical training for angina pectoris: a set of exercises recommended by experts

When prescribing a set of physical exercises, it is important to observe the basic principles based on the fundamental axiom “do no harm”:

• Gymnastics for angina pectoris involves the selection of individual loads depending on the stage of the disease and the frequency of pain attacks: the more severe the course of the pathology, the less physical activity and the duration of the exercises.
• It is mandatory to divide the set of exercises into three parts: warm-up, main group of exercise therapy and cool-down. A warm-up allows you to prepare the body for performing exercises, the main group provides an optimal effect on the body’s systems, a cool-down allows you to consolidate the effect obtained and exit exercise therapy without pressure drops.
• When prescribing exercises, it is important to adhere to the rule of no sudden movements during exercise therapy.

Important! Prescribing a set of physical exercises is important in the first and second stages of the disease. When diagnosing the third stage, it is recommended that in the first months you can get by with normal walking and increasing the time spent in the fresh air.

Warm-up

• You need to lay a rug on the floor and lie down on it. Take three deep breaths in and out, tuning into the exercises.
• Raise your torso perpendicular to the floor. Right hand up - tilt to the left, left hand up - tilt to the right. Ten cycles and a minute break. Repeat three times.
• Lie down again. Bend your knees - straighten your legs. Do ten times and rest for one minute. Repeat three times.

Important! If you have difficulty performing these exercises on the floor, you can warm up on a chair. Avoid sudden movements - concentrate on stretching.

Basic set of exercises

• Squats with arms extended forward: from 10 to 30 times. It is recommended to divide the total number of squats into three cycles, with a one-minute break between each cycle. This statement is true for all of the exercises below.
• Feet shoulder-width apart, torso tilted forward perpendicular to the floor, arms to the sides, and make cable turns left and right to the maximum possible limit. Quantity: 10 to 50 times.
• Feet shoulder-width apart, left hand up - tilt to the right, right hand up - tilt to the left. For each hand we do 10 – 30 times.
• Run in place (it's best to use a treadmill, but you can do without it) with gradual acceleration for 10 minutes.

Important! To achieve optimal results, it is advisable not only to perform a set of exercises daily, but also to make adjustments to your daily regimen: instead of driving a car, it is better to walk, instead of using the elevator, it is better to go up to the required floor on your own.

Hitch

Return to the mat. Sit down, stretch your legs forward, and bring your heels together. Without bending your knees, try to reach your feet with your palms and touch your knees with your head. Do it slowly, stretch. Then lie down on the mat, recover, and bring your breathing back to normal.

Important! If pain or other discomfort occurs that precedes an angina attack while performing exercises, exercise therapy must be stopped immediately, sit or lie down on the mat and restore breathing with deep inhalations and exhalations. If the pain does not stop, you need to drink a short-acting nitrate to stop the attack.

Gymnastics and exercises for angina pectoris: additional materials

It is permissible to introduce any exercises into exercise therapy for angina if the rules regarding the absence of sudden movements when performing a set of exercises and avoid overloading the patient are observed. Priority should be given to stretching exercises and only then to strength training.

Breathing exercises: the most popular and reliable techniques

Breathing control is one of the important components when performing physical exercises and in everyday life to prevent angina attacks.

Strelnikova's technique

The Strelnikova method includes a large number of exercises, the most interesting of which are techniques aimed at emergency relief of an angina attack. An example of an exercise according to Strelnikova to relieve an attack of angina:

• Sit on a chair or kneel on the floor and close your eyes.
• Take a powerful, sharp breath with a strong-willed muscular compression of the chest.
• Without holding your breath, exhale slowly.
• Repeat until the pain subsides.

Important! If there is no relief within 10 minutes, you should urgently call a doctor. After an attack, temporary rest is recommended.

Bubnovsky's technique

In Bubnovsky’s breathing techniques, the emphasis is on breathing using the diaphragm, that is, minimizing chest breathing. It is worth noting that chest breathing is rejected by almost all experts as the most harmful. An example of breathing exercises according to Bubnovsky for angina pectoris:

• Lay out a mat, sit on your knees on it, close your eyes, feel the diaphragm (the place between the chest and abdomen).
• Inhale slowly, counting to 5 and expanding the diaphragm with muscle effort; hold your breath, counting to 3, fixing the diaphragm widened; exhale slowly, counting to 5 and drawing in the diaphragm with muscle effort. Repeat this cycle 20 – 50 times (depending on your level of training).
• Get into dog pose, relax your stomach and breathe intensely and quickly - first for one minute, then gradually increasing the time of intense breathing to 5 - 10 minutes.

Important! If you feel dizzy when breathing intensely, you need to stop the exercise and reduce the time of breathing practices the next day.

Buteyko technique

The Buteyko technique is based on reducing the frequency and increasing the quality of human breathing. The main points of the Buteyko technique:

1. The number of inhalation-exhalation periods per minute should not exceed 16.
2. Breathing should be done through the nose. Mouth breathing is harmful and dangerous to health.
3. Breathing should be light and slow.
4. The inhalation should be at least two times shorter than the exhalation.
5. It is recommended to hold your breath after inhaling.

An example of a Buteyko exercise:

• Sit on a chair, straighten your back, place your palms on your knees, close your eyes.
• Inhale for 10 seconds, hold your breath for 20 seconds and exhale for 20 seconds. These time intervals are achieved gradually; in the first stages of training, it is important to maintain the 1:2:2 ratio, varying the number of seconds in a way that will be more comfortable for the patient.

Important! Buteyko breathing practice should not be violent or cause tension. Accustoming yourself to easy breathing using the “inhale - hold your breath - deep exhale” system should be done gradually.

Will yoga help as a breathing exercise?

Yogic practices have much in common with the breathing systems developed by Bubnovsky and Buteyko. In particular, the breathing method “inhale - hold - exhale”. However, yoga uses less gentle techniques, and the use of these practices for angina pectoris is not recommended due to insufficient knowledge of the subject by the official medical community.

It is advisable to combine breathing practices and exercise therapy to achieve the best preventive and therapeutic effect. It is also recommended to practice breathing techniques according to Buteyko or Bubnovsky when performing massage in the heart area in order to stabilize the pulse rhythm.

Exercises for coronary heart disease

Gymnastic exercises for coronary heart disease

Everyone knows such clinical forms of coronary heart disease (formerly called “angina pectoris”), such as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, resulting from spasm of the coronary vessels and disturbances in the blood supply to the heart.

Performing available gymnastic exercises in quiet intervals between attacks will help improve your condition, prevent the occurrence of critical situations and further aggravation of the disease. Depending on the tolerance of physical activity during angina (that is, the appearance of pain in the heart or pathological changes in the electrocardiogram), 4 functional types are distinguished.

The first functional type includes patients who tolerate physical activity well. They rarely have angina attacks, and heart pain occurs only when performing unusually heavy loads or under significant neuropsychic stress. They are capable of performing muscle work with a power of more than 100 W. Patients with coronary heart disease with the first functional class can walk for a long time at any pace. Many of them also do slow running.

The second functional type includes patients with rare attacks of angina pectoris (that is, appearing during muscular work), which occur, for example, when walking too fast or climbing 2-3 floors. Their exercise tolerance ranges from 50 to 100 watts. They tolerate walking well at a moderate pace. To increase their performance and improve their condition, they can train in walking at a leisurely pace twice a day for minutes.

The third functional type includes people with coronary heart disease with frequent attacks of angina pectoris that occur during minor muscle strains, for example, climbing the 1st floor, walking at a moderate pace on level ground, etc. Their tolerance to physical activity is less than 50 W. They tolerate walking at a slow pace well and can do it for minutes.

Representatives of the fourth functional type are characterized by frequent attacks of angina at rest and stress. So, pain can occur even with minor loads, say, walking. They can be recommended for long walks, but with mandatory rest periods.

Let us recall that among a number of risk factors for “angina pectoris” is limitation of physical activity. Adequate physical exercise will help expand the coronary vessels, improve the nutrition of the myocardium (heart muscle), improve the emotional and mental state, activate metabolic processes and ultimately help the body resist the development of atherosclerosis, against which coronary heart disease usually occurs.

Below is an approximate set of exercises available for patients with the first or second functional type. If during an exercise you suddenly feel pain or discomfort in the heart area, you should reduce the load or even interrupt the exercise.

A set of exercises for coronary heart disease

1. Sitting on a chair, hands down. Stretch your arms to the sides to shoulder level, take a deep breath, lower them down and exhale. Repeat 3-5 times.
2. While sitting, keep your hands on your waist. Raise your right arm across the side to shoulder level, inhale, return to the starting position, exhale. The same for the left hand. Repeat 3-5 times.
3. Standing, spread your legs, bend your arms horizontally at the elbows and hover in front of your chest. Rotate the body with arms raised - inhale, return to the starting position, exhale. Repeat 4-6 times.
4. Normal walking (30 seconds), then with a slight acceleration (1 minute).
5. Standing, legs slightly to the sides, arms also to the sides and raised at shoulder level. Perform first in one direction, then in the other, circular movements with your shoulders. Repeat 5-7 times forward and backward.
6. Standing, hands on the back of the head in a lock. Place your left foot to the side on your toe, tilt your body to the left, straighten up and take the starting position. Same thing with the right leg. Repeat 3-5 times.
7. Standing, hands rest on the back of the chair. Sit down - exhale, stand up - inhale. Repeat 4-6 times.
8. Standing, hands on waist. Spinning the head with full amplitude to the right, then to the left. Perform 3-5 times in each direction.
9. Walking is simple, alternating with acceleration (3 minutes).
10. Walking is simple (30 sec), then with a high hip lift (30 sec).
11. While standing, alternately bend the body to the right, then to the left while bending the arm of the opposite side (the so-called “pump” exercise), the amplitude is maximum. Repeat 4-6 times in each direction.
12. While standing, we hold our hands in front of us and spread them slightly. Raise your left leg and touch your right palm, returning to the starting position. Same thing with the right leg. Repeat 4-6 times.
13. We lie on our stomach, stretch our arms along the body and rest our palms on the floor. We raise our straightened legs one by one. Perform 4-6 times with each leg.
14. Sitting on a chair, we clasp our hands in a “lock” and hold them on our knees. Turn your palms out, raising your arms in front of you to shoulder level. Repeat 6-8 times.
15. Sitting on a chair, right leg in front, left leg under the chair, hands resting on the seat. Changing the position of the legs. Perform 8-10 times.

Physical activity for coronary heart disease

According to modern medical data, a large number of factors can contribute to the development of IHD (coronary heart disease). Among the most common and “aggressive” ones are poor heredity, alcohol abuse, smoking, chronic stress, metabolic disorders due to poor nutrition, chronic fatigue, and physical inactivity. Of course, it is almost impossible to get rid of a hereditary predisposition to IHD, and you cannot completely protect yourself from stress. But you can adjust your lifestyle so as to avoid the other factors mentioned above. First of all, you should quit smoking, optimize your diet and ensure proper physical activity on the body.

The benefits of physical activity:

• Regular physical activity allows you to stay toned and in good shape.
• With regular physical activity, the amount of “useful” lipids in the blood increases, which helps reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
• The likelihood of blood clots is reduced.
• Blood pressure is normalized, which helps reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage (stroke).
• Physical activity promotes weight loss and prevents the development of diabetes.
• Regular exercise helps improve mood, normalize sleep, and make it easier to cope with stressful situations.
• Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis, the most common cause of bone fractures in old age.

Regular physical activity is beneficial for everyone, as it allows you to protect yourself from the development of many unpleasant diseases. But, unfortunately, it is only the illness itself that often pushes us to change our lifestyle and regular exercise.

Only certain types of physical activity are suitable for patients with coronary heart disease.

IHD develops as a result of acid starvation, which leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The plaque causes the artery that supplies the heart to narrow, causing less oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. In this case, the intense work of the heart becomes difficult and, under heavy loads, angina pectoris develops - a painful attack of the heart muscle.

Naturally, angina attacks require limited physical activity. Often, in order to get rid of angina, it is necessary to resort to medication, or even surgical treatment. In the case of a severe heart attack - a heart attack, patients even begin to be afraid of physical activity and, in an effort to “protect” the heart, often limit movement to the point of giving up walking.

For patients with angina and those who have had a heart attack, physical activity can have twofold meaning:

• On the one hand, excessive physical activity and intense physical activity can provoke angina attacks and lead to a second heart attack - such excessive activity should be avoided.
• On the other hand, moderate physical activity and periodic exercise (no more than 40 minutes 5 times a week) are very beneficial.

Moderate physical activity helps increase the level of good cholesterol, which prevents the further development of atherosclerosis, reduces the rate of development of heart failure, strengthening the cardiovascular system. Regular aerobic exercise helps normalize the functioning of collateral blood flow - an interarterial connection that serves to redistribute blood flow, which helps to increase the amount of oxygen-rich blood reaching the heart muscle.

As medical studies show, physical activity in patients who have had a heart attack helps reduce the risk of a second heart attack by 7 times, and reduce mortality by 6 times, compared with patients who prefer to reduce physical activity as much as possible.

Therefore, for patients who have had a heart attack, performing normal household activities (light daily housework) is mandatory. After an inpatient course of treatment, it is preferable for such patients to undergo a course of physical rehabilitation under the supervision of specialists in a cardiological sanatorium. If rehabilitation in a sanatorium is impossible for one reason or another, it is necessary to undergo a course of physical rehabilitation on an outpatient basis under the supervision of a cardiologist.

The easiest option for physical activity in this case is daily walking. At the same time, you should not overload yourself: the walk should take place at a slow or moderate pace (depending on how you feel), for half an hour - an hour, but not less than 5 days a week. If during a walk you feel weak or tired, you need to take a break - sit down on a bench or return home at a slow pace. Don't be upset - during the rehabilitation process you will be able to go through more and more. However, an increase in physical activity, just like the beginning of physical exercise, after hospitalization must be agreed upon with a physical therapy specialist or the treating cardiologist.

Physical activity should never lead to another attack of angina. During exercise, severe shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat is unacceptable. During physical activity, you need to monitor your pulse - its frequency should increase in accordance with the increase in load. In this case, the optimal increase in heart rate should be determined by the attending physician on an individual basis, according to the severity of coronary artery disease and associated pathologies.

In the first stages of physical rehabilitation, heart rate can increase by no more than 20 - 30%, approximately 15 - 20 beats per minute. If the loads are tolerated without complications, an increase in heart rate can be allowed by more than 30%, however, no more than the value calculated using the following formula: 200 - the patient’s age. For example, for a patient with coronary artery disease aged 60 years, the maximum permissible heart rate should not exceed 140 beats per minute.

Leading Russian specialist in the field of rehabilitation of patients with heart diseases, Professor D.M. Aronov, developed recommendations for physical activity, depending on the functional class (severity of manifestation) of the disease. According to the tables below, developed by Professor D.M. Aronov, it is possible to determine the permissible load in each specific case.

Remember that, depending on the severity of the manifestation, angina is divided into four functional classes, where I is mild angina, in which attacks occur only during very intense physical activity, and IV is the most severe angina, in which an attack occurs at the slightest physical activity and even at rest. Prohibited loads are marked with a “-” sign, while permitted loads are marked with a “+„ sign. The number of “+” signs indicates the permissible intensity and volume of loads.

Daily physical activity

Exercise therapy for diseases of the cardiovascular system

It is known that the heart ensures the movement of blood through the vessels. But the force of contraction of the left ventricle alone is not enough to ensure normal functioning of the heart. Extracardiac factors play a major role in blood circulation. For diseases of the cardiovascular system, along with drug treatment, therapeutic exercises are recommended. Exercises allow you to maximize the effect of extracardiac (non-cardiac) circulatory factors and contribute to the normalization of impaired functions. Therapeutic exercise is often used for diseases of the circulatory system in the acute period, as well as during recovery, and is subsequently used as maintenance therapy.

To the main contraindications to physical therapy exercises should include: acute phase of rheumatism, endo-, myocardium; serious disturbances of the cardiac conduction system and rhythm; circulatory failure in the third stage, acute heart failure.

Methods of influence

The method of exercise therapy directly depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, as well as the degree of insufficiency of the coronary and general circulation. Physical exercises, starting positions and the amount of load are selected based on the motor mode assigned to the patient.

The effect of exercise therapy in diseases of the cardiovascular system

Myocardial infarction is focal or multiple necrosis of the heart muscles, which is caused by acute coronary insufficiency. The tissue susceptible to necrosis is replaced by a scar after some time. A heart attack is characterized by severe pain in the heart area, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, and suffocation. An ECG allows you to determine the location of the infarction and its severity. The first three days are characterized by an increase in body temperature, acceleration of ESR, and the appearance of leukocytosis.

Rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction is divided into three stages. At each stage, the patient undergoes a course of physical therapy.

The main form of physical therapy at the first stage is massage, walking up the stairs, and measured walking. If the patient’s course of a heart attack is not complicated, then classes can begin on the 2-3rd day, by which time the acute signs of a heart attack have subsided. The timing of the start of classes, as well as the load, is determined strictly individually and directly depends on the nature of the stage and the severity of post-infarction angina.

Forms of therapeutic physical education at the second stage: therapeutic exercises, walking in strictly defined dosages, walks and exercises on exercise machines, walking on stairs, lightweight elements of games, applied sports exercises, massage, occupational therapy. The classes are practically no different from those conducted in the hospital at the first stage. The pace of classes and the number of repetitions are accelerated, exercises are used at the gymnastic wall, exercises with various objects. The procedures are carried out in groups, the duration of the lesson is 30 minutes.

Exercise therapy at the third stage: physical exercises recommended for people with poor health and reduced physical performance are used. Therapeutic walking, walking on stairs, which involves climbing to the 3rd-5th floor, 2-3 times, light sports games and exercises on exercise equipment, and massage are used.

Arterial hypertension is a fairly common disease characterized by increased blood pressure. There are three stages of hypertension.

The first stage involves an increase in blood pressure without involvement of target organs. The second stage – blood pressure is increased and target organs are involved: kidneys, fundus, heart. The third stage is increased blood pressure and damaged target organs: kidney failure, stroke, heart attack, heart failure.

The objectives of exercise therapy for arterial hypertension are to lower blood pressure, prevent crises, and generally improve the patient’s condition. Exercise therapy for arterial hypertension includes: dosed walking, therapeutic exercises, general exercise equipment, therapeutic swimming and exercise in the pool, massage.

Heart defects: exercise therapy

Physical therapy for heart defects is a combination of active and breathing exercises. Classes are held at a slow pace, without intensification, lasting days. In the next 2-3 weeks, patients are prescribed therapeutic exercises.

Coronary heart disease: exercise therapy

Means of physical therapy for coronary heart disease: therapeutic exercises, physical exercises in water, swimming, dosed walking.

Doing exercises

A set of exercises for coronary heart disease:

1. Starting position – hands on the belt, standing above the seat of the chair. We move our hands to the sides - inhale, return our hands to the belt - exhale.
2. The starting position is the same. We raise our hands up and inhale, bend forward and exhale.
3. Starting position: standing by a chair. Sit down - exhale, stand up - inhale.
4. Starting position - sitting, bend your right leg - clap, return to the starting position. Do the same with the left leg.
5. Starting position – sitting on a chair. Do not hold your breath, squat in front of the chair, then return to the starting position.
6. The starting position is the same, legs straight, arms forward. Bend your legs at the knees, place your hands on your belt, then return to the starting position.
7. Starting position – standing. We move our right leg back, arms up – inhale, starting position – exhale. Repeat for the left leg.
8. Starting position – standing, hands on waist. Perform tilts to the right and left.
9. Starting position – standing, hands in front of the chest. We move our arms to the sides - inhale, starting position - exhale.
10. Starting position – standing. We move our right leg and arm forward. The same with the left leg.
11. Starting position – standing, arms up. We sat down, then returned to the starting position.
12. The starting position is the same, arms up, hands in the lock. We rotate the body.
13. Starting position – standing. Take a step forward with your left foot - arms up, return to the standing position. Repeat for the right leg.
14. Starting position – standing, hands in front of the chest. Make turns left and right with arms outstretched.
15. Starting position – standing, hands to shoulders. Perform alternate straightening of arms.
16. Walking in place.

Gymnastics for angina pectoris

Gymnastics for angina pectoris is necessary, since a sedentary lifestyle contributes to even greater disruption of cholesterol metabolism and the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary vessels. At the same time, they must be dosed.

Physical activity for angina pectoris

Angina pectoris is attacks of acute sudden pain that develop against the background of ischemia. Ischemia is when the brain refuses to work (oxygen deficiency) of the myocardium. Myocardial ischemia develops due to narrowing of the blood vessels that bring arterial blood to it - the coronary arteries. The narrowing of the coronary arteries occurs due to the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques on their walls.

During physical activity, the myocardium's need for oxygen increases, which leads to acute oxygen deficiency, accompanied by attacks of severe short-term pain. Angina that develops during physical activity is called angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the consequences of activity. That is why physical exercisesMyths about physical exercises: you shouldn’t believe in angina pectoris, the patient should be selected by a specialist - a doctor in physical therapy.

Proper breathing exercises help saturate the blood with oxygen, which means that it completely or partially relieves the need for oxygen in the myocardium. You can do the following breathing exercises according to the yoga system:

If you have angina, you should also take leisurely walks in the fresh air every day and imagine how oxygen-rich air flows from the lungs, and from there into the blood and heart muscle.

Therapeutic exercises for angina pectoris

Therapeutic exercises for coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris are very important. But the patient should not select exercises on his own, remembering that high physical activity can lead to angina attacks.

Depending on the degree of tolerance to physical activity, stable (in which there is a clear dependence on physical activity) angina pectoris is divided into four functional classes (FC). Physical exercises for angina pectoris must correspond to the angina FC:

For patients with stable angina pectoris Stable angina pectoris is one of the manifestations of coronary heart disease FC I and II, the following set of exercises for angina pectoris can be recommended:

• The complex ends with walking in place for a minute.

After consulting with a doctor, patients with class I angina may be able to engage in some sports, such as swimming, but only if they do not experience angina attacks due to exercise.

Physical education for angina is mandatory, but sports are always in question.

• Where to start exercising at home - making your body beautiful

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Physical activity for angina pectoris

Breathing exercises for angina pectoris

• sitting on a chair with a straight back, relax, think about something pleasant, inhale through your nose for a count of 1 - 2 - 3, hold your breath for a count of 1 - 2 and exhale through your mouth for a count of 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ; along with the exhalation, you need to lightly hit the chest with your arms bent at the elbows, like wings; repeat the exercise one to three times a day.

• FC I - usual performance is not reduced, angina attacks occur under loads that significantly exceed the usual, for example, during long running, lifting heavy objects; such angina can be detected when performing stress tests in certain categories of professions; such patients can walk for a long time at any pace and run at a slow pace;
• FC II – usual performance is not reduced, angina attacks occur under loads that are slightly higher than usual, for example, quickly climbing stairs, brisk walking or running; the degree of load in this case largely depends on the person’s fitness; these patients tolerate walking at a moderate pace;
• III FC - reduction in physical activity due to the fact that angina attacks can develop during normal physical activity, such as slowly climbing the stairs to one floor, walking, etc.; They can be encouraged to walk at a slow pace for minutes;
• IV FC - angina attacks occur at rest or with minor physical exertion, for example, when walking at a slow pace over short distances; For such patients, long walks are suitable, but with mandatory rest periods.

• starting position sitting on a chair, hands down; spread your arms to the sides to shoulder level, take a deep breath, lower down - exhale: repeat 5 times;
• IP - sitting on a chair, hands on the waist; Raise one arm across the side to shoulder level, inhale, return to the starting position, exhale; perform the exercise with the other hand; repeat 3 times;
• IP – standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms bent horizontally at the elbows and fixed in front of the chest; rotate the body with arms raised – inhale, return to the starting position – exhale, repeat 4 times;

Definition of disease

Angina pectoris is a form of coronary heart disease, which is accompanied by severe pain in the sternum and constant discomfort. All these sensations are associated with the fact that in a certain area of ​​the heart the normal blood supply is disrupted. In particular, angina occurs against the background of the development of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart.

V. Heberden was the first to establish such a disease as angina. He did this in 1768.

Types of disease

Angina pectoris is divided into several types:

1. Stable angina. This type of disease has four classes of development. Each of them depends on the severity of the load endured by the heart.
2. Functional classes of angina:

• The first functional class is characterized by chest pain, which is expressed in the form of attacks. However, they occur quite rarely. This usually involves doing hard work at a fairly fast pace.
• The second functional class of angina is characterized by the occurrence of pain in the sternum while climbing stairs. Pain also occurs when walking quickly in frosty weather. There have been cases when a person began to feel pain behind the sternum, i.e. an attack of angina pectoris occurred after overeating.
• The third functional class of angina is characterized by the occurrence of chest pain even during normal, slow walking over short distances (up to 100 meters). Such pains also appear if you leave a warm apartment outside in winter.
• The fourth functional class is characterized by the inability to walk and perform physical activity. The patient cannot perform any, even the simplest physical work, without feeling signs of angina. Sometimes a person feels discomfort in the chest even while resting.
• Unstable angina (progressive angina). A person may suddenly feel that he has become even worse than before. And all this happens for no apparent reason. Doctors associate the development of this type of angina with the fact that there is a crack in the atherosclerotic plaque in the human heart. This leads to the formation of blood clots inside the coronary vessels, which interfere with normal blood circulation.

1. Vasospastic angina. It manifests itself in the form of local spasms in the coronary arteries. In this case, the patient may completely lack any obvious atherosclerotic damage. Another name for this type of disease is variant angina or Prinzmetal's angina. The reason for the development of this syndrome is that there is a failure in the delivery of oxygen to the myocardium. As a result, a spasm occurs, and this is already a sign of angina pectoris. This type of disease very often appears in people at rest, when a person does not burden himself with any mental or physical stress.
2. Silent angina occurs without symptoms or pain. It can only be detected through an outpatient examination of a sick person.
3. Syndrome "X". With this type of angina, there are no stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries.

Causes of the disease

1. Atherosclerosis accounts for 2/3 of all angina diseases. In this case, atherosclerotic plaques, growing, obscure the entire passage through which the blood flows. If a person exercises or is in a stressful situation, his blood circulation accelerates. In the place where the atherosclerotic plaque is located, blood cannot pass normally. A spasm forms. This leads to the development of angina pectoris.
2. A non-occlusive thrombus in combination with an increasing volume of atherosclerotic plaque leads to severe vasoconstriction. As a result, frequent attacks of angina begin to appear.
3. Arterial hypotension. This state of pressure in the blood vessels leads to insufficient blood flowing into the heart.
4. Arrhythmia and tachycardia.
5. Renal colic and stones in the gall bladder, in the bladder. Angina pectoris often occurs during attacks of these diseases.
6. Psychological stress, which includes fear, severe grief, etc. In this case, so-called exertional angina develops.

Symptoms of the disease

Pain is the most important symptom of the disease.

It may have a pressing, squeezing character. Some people constantly have something drilling or pulling in their chest. But such signs of angina are less common. It's just that every person has their own pain threshold. For some people this pain is very severe. And in another patient, the medical history of exertional angina does not indicate pain at all, i.e. a person does not mistake his sensations for pain. He only complains that something is pressing or suffocating him in his chest.

The same applies to the intensity of manifestation of these symptoms. It all depends on the degree of development of the disease, its type and on the patient’s attitude towards pain and the disease in general.

As for the localization of pain, the patient mainly feels it behind the sternum. Sometimes it can be, so to speak, under the spoon. This symptom is also a sign of ulcers and diseases of the duodenum. The pain of angina radiates. A person may have pain in his left arm, left ear, left shoulder, etc. That is, the entire left side of the body.

More information about angina attacks

Angina attack + symptoms

The patient may suddenly feel severe pain, which will also suddenly disappear. The attack lasts no more than five minutes. If it continues further, then this is already an alarming signal about the onset of myocardial infarction. In this case, emergency care is required for angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. At such moments a person begins to panic greatly. He develops a fear of death. The person is afraid to move and simply freezes. After the sharp pain goes away, the patient feels weakness and malaise throughout the body. Outwardly the person becomes very pale. There is even a bluish tint to the face. It is impossible to look at such a patient without compassion. Gradually he breaks out in a cold sweat. The patient's hands are icy. The sensitivity of the limbs is often impaired. Blood pressure and pulse increase. Breathing becomes harsh. In some patients with angina pectoris, during an attack the complexion does not turn pale, but rather turns red.

Each patient experiences angina attacks with different frequencies. For some people, whole months and even years pass between them. Angina pectoris: its symptoms are quite common. And if angina at rest is present, then attacks of pain can occur once a day.

Emergency care for angina pectoris

If a patient has obvious signs of an attack of the disease, then he needs first aid for angina, or rather, relief of an attack of angina.

• First you need to stop all work, physical or mental. The patient should be placed on a bed, or seated on a chair if it is not possible to lie down.
• Give tablets for angina pectoris. For example, put one nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. Patients should carry medications for angina with them at all times. If a person does not feel better after three minutes, i.e. the symptoms of the disease do not disappear, then you need to take another pill.
• If the attack does not go away after fifteen minutes, then you should call an ambulance. Emergency medical intervention is necessary if new-onset angina occurs.

General principles of treatment of angina pectoris

First, the patient must understand the seriousness of the disease and its consequences. He should in every possible way avoid risk factors that lead to worsening the development of the disease. You need to limit yourself from heavy physical work and stressful situations.

Secondly, the patient must monitor his diet and take preventive measures that help prevent the disease from leading to attacks.

Thirdly, a person must promptly treat and not neglect all concomitant diseases that contribute to the development of angina pectoris.

Fourthly, the patient should regularly visit the cardiologist's office. Differential diagnosis of angina will help determine whether the disease is progressing. The person must undergo laboratory testing. It includes a blood test for biochemistry, coronography, echocardiography, exercise testing and an ECG for angina pectoris. Once the differential diagnosis of angina pectoris has been established, the doctor can recommend the necessary course of treatment.

Treatment methods for angina pectoris

1. Treatment of angina with medications. Drugs for angina pectoris: antiplatelet drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, Clopidogrel), beta-blockers (atenolol, bisaprolol, metaprolol), statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (lisinopril, perindopril).
2. Surgical intervention.
3. Coronary angioplasty
4. Coronary artery bypass grafting
5. Treatment of angina pectoris with traditional methods.

Residents of our country are famous for the fact that all diseases are treated with folk remedies. Angina pectoris in this case is no exception. Healing herbs often help patients reduce their intake of medications that have many other side effects. However, it is impossible to treat angina pectoris only with folk remedies. It is necessary to use this type of treatment in combination with drug therapy.

In the period between attacks, patients should take herbs that have antisclerotic, antispasmodic, and vasodilating effects. These include hawthorn, lemon balm, peppermint, motherwort, and parsnip.

Traditional medicine recipes for angina pectoris

1. Motherwort + mint + mistletoe + hawthorn + lemon balm + astragalus + valerian + periwinkle + fireweed + cetraria. Mix all herbs in equal proportions. Then take 2 tablespoons and add one liter of boiling water. Place the container on the stove. Be sure to close the lid. Wait until it boils, reduce the heat and simmer with the lid closed for twenty minutes. Then let it cool and sit for at least forty minutes. You should take half a glass 4-5 times a day. Preventive treatment of angina and myocardial infarction with this herbal medicine should last three to four months.
2. Aloe. Take five leaves of an aloe vera that is over three years old. Squeeze the juice out of them. Then add lemon juice (two pieces) into the container. Stir and add the resulting mixture to half a kilogram of honey. Cover it with a lid. The medicine should be stored in the refrigerator. You should consume 1 tablespoon one hour before each meal. The course of treatment lasts two months. Then you need to take a break for a month and continue again. In one year you must undergo four similar courses of treatment.
3. Angina pectoris + treatment with wine and garlic. You need to take one head of garlic. Crush it and add it to a glass of wine. Then add a pinch of salt. Stir everything. Drink this glass of wine and lie down. It is best to take the medicine before bed. The course of treatment should last one month.
4. Golden mustache. You need to take one stem of the plant along with the leaves. It should be about forty centimeters in length. Chop the stem and mix with honey in a 1:1 ratio. It should be consumed half an hour before meals three times a day, one tablespoon.
5. Cranberry + garlic. This prevention of angina pectoris is done twice a year: in spring and autumn. You need to crush one kilogram of cranberries and two hundred grams of garlic. Mix everything and put it in the refrigerator for half a day. Then add another half a kilogram of honey. You need to take one tablespoon twice a day. Try to do this before meals.

Breathing exercises using the Buteyko method

Alternative medicine has its own secrets for treating angina pectoris. One of them is breathing exercises using the Buteyko method. The author of gymnastics is a physiologist who in 1952 developed his own method of combating bronchial asthma, angina pectoris and hypertension. The principle of treatment is based on the position that the cause of all these diseases lies in hyperventilation of the lungs.

During illness, a person begins to breathe deeper and stronger. This causes the bronchi to contract and the blood vessels to narrow. A spasm occurs and, as a consequence, oxygen starvation of the body. It turns out that carbon dioxide is retained in the body, because the vessels are narrowed. It accumulates in the blood. And this is a serious obstacle to drug treatment of the disease.

Buteyko breathing exercises help relieve an attack of angina.

The essence of this method is that in gymnastics lessons a person learns to breathe correctly. The main goal of such exercises is to correct chronic ventilation. You need to learn to relax your respiratory muscles in order to hold your breath until you feel a slight lack of air. Thus, the depth of breathing gradually decreases. This causes the nervous system to relax and blood vessels to dilate. This way you can treat angina pectoris and other forms of the disease.

Ischemia is local bleeding of tissue as a result of narrowing of the lumen of the artery feeding it. There are a lot of factors influencing the development of this disease, and one of them is physical inactivity, therefore, therapeutic exercises must be included in the complex treatment of coronary artery disease.

It promotes coordination of the activities of the main links of blood circulation, the development of functional reserve capabilities of the cardiovascular system in general and coronary blood flow in particular, stimulates the redox activity of tissue metabolism and trophic processes in tissues, and increases tolerance to physical activity.

In case of coronary heart disease, before prescribing one or another set of exercises, the cardiologist must determine the functional class of the patient, i.e., acceptable physical activity.

For this purpose, stress tests are prescribed - bicycle ergometry (rotating the pedals of a bicycle) and treadmill test (walking at a certain pace on a moving track). During these tests, an ECG is recorded, blood pressure is measured at certain intervals, and the pulse rate is recorded.

In addition to stress tests, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure is carried out to identify changes in cardiac activity, in particular when performing household physical activity, as well as echocardiographic examination (at rest and during physical activity).

Based on the results of these tests, four functional classes are determined:

• Class 1: no restrictions on physical activity. When performing everyday physical activity, there is no shortness of breath, palpitations, or fatigue;
• Class 2: moderate limitation of physical activity. During everyday physical activity, fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath appear, but they are absent at rest;
• Grade 3: significant limitation of physical activity. All of these symptoms are absent at rest, but appear with minor loads (less than normal everyday);
• Class 4: shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness also occur at rest; minimal exercise increases these symptoms.

Contraindications to physical therapy are:

• frequent attacks of angina, angina at rest, unstable angina;
• severe heart rhythm disturbances (frequent extrasystole, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation), circulatory failure stage P-B and higher), persistent arterial hypertension (over 170/110 mm Hg), concomitant severe diabetes mellitus.

A set of exercises for patients of functional classes I and II:

Walk in place at an average pace for 1–2 minutes.

Run in place at an average pace for 1 minute.

Slowly raise your arms to the sides - inhale; lower and relax your arms – exhale. Repeat 3-4 times.

The starting position is the same.

Raise your hands to your shoulders – inhale; spread your arms to the sides - exhale; again hands to shoulders - inhale; return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 4-5 times.

Perform body tilts to the left and right at an average pace. Repeat 6-8 times.

The starting position is the same.

Lift your right leg forward, bend it at the knee, then straighten it and lower it. Do the same with your left leg. Repeat 8 times with each leg.

Attention! This exercise should not be performed if you are dizzy, or if you have severe osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.

The starting position is the same.

Perform head tilts at a slow pace: back, forward, left, right. Repeat 3-4 times.

Starting position – standing, arms down along the body.

Raise your arms to the sides, then behind your head, back to your sides, and back behind your head. Perform at an average pace 6–8 times. Gradually complicate the exercise: when spreading your arms to the sides, turn your torso to the right and left.

Run in place for 1 minute.

Starting position – standing, arms down along the body.

Perform circular movements with both hands at the same time: left - forward, right - back. Switch hands. Repeat 8 times.

The starting position is the same.

Place your hands on your waist and perform three springy bends to the left. Repeat the bends to the left, placing your hands to your shoulders, then raising your hands up. Return to the starting position. Perform three tilts to the right in the same sequence. Repeat 4-6 times in each direction.

Starting position - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms extended forward and to the sides.

Swing your right leg at an average pace: to your left hand, then to your right hand, again to your left hand. Try not to place your foot on the floor while swinging. Return to the starting position. Repeat 3-4 times with each leg.

Spread your arms to the sides - inhale; put your hands behind your back (left on top, right on bottom) and, turning your hands out, clasp your fingers into a “lock” - exhale. Repeat the movements, changing the position of your hands: right on top, left on bottom. Perform at a slow pace 6 times.

Starting position – standing, legs crossed, hands on your belt.

Bend your torso left and right. Repeat at an average pace 8-10 times.

Starting position – standing, arms along the body.

Place your right leg to the side and lean forward, reaching your hands towards the floor; return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 6-8 times in each direction.

Starting position – standing, hands on your belt.

Swing your left leg: right, left, right. Return to the starting position. Repeat 4-6 times with each leg.

Starting position – standing, arms along the body.

Bend back (arms up) and make two springy bends forward, trying to touch the floor with your hands; don't bend your knees. Return to the starting position. Repeat at a medium pace.

The starting position is the same. Do three springy bends back: arms up, arms to the sides, arms up. Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 6-8 times.

Starting position – standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the belt. Inhale, then bend your left leg and squat (as far as possible) on your right leg - exhale. Return to the starting position – inhale. Perform squats at a medium pace alternately on the right and left legs. Repeat 8-10 times.

Starting position – standing, arms to the sides. Bend your elbows - forearms and hands up, return to the starting position. Bend your elbows - forearms and hands down. Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 8-12 times. Breathing is voluntary.

Starting position – standing, hands on your belt. Bend back and return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 12–16 times.

Starting position – standing, legs wider than shoulders, arms down along the body.

Bend back, slightly bending your knees, and reach your heels with your hands. Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 12–16 times.

Starting position – standing, legs wider than shoulders, arms spread to the sides.

Bend your right leg, lean to the left and reach your left hand towards your left leg. Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 6-8 times in each direction.

Starting position – standing, hands on your belt.

Lunge forward with your right foot, arms out to the sides. Make 2-3 springy movements on your right leg and return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 8 to 10 times with each leg.

Starting position – lying on your back.

From a lying position, move to a sitting position without lifting your feet off the floor. Then return to the starting position. Repeat at a slow pace 6-8 times.

Starting position – sitting on a chair, legs straight, hands resting on the chair from behind.

Raise one leg, lower it, raise the other. Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 8 – 12 times with each leg.

The starting position is the same.

Slowly raise your straight legs, bend them at the knees, straighten them again and return to the starting position. Repeat 6 – 10 times. Breathing is voluntary.

Starting position: lying on your stomach. Lean on your arms, elbows bent, hands near your shoulders (lying support). Do push-ups from the floor at an average pace 6-10 times.

Starting position – standing, hands on your belt.

Perform a squat (arms extended forward). Return to the starting position. Repeat at an average pace 20–24 times. Breathing is voluntary.

The starting position is the same.

Perform 10–20 jumps at a fast pace: legs apart – legs crossed.

Run in place for 1–2 minutes with your knees raised high. The pace is average.

Walk in place (or around the room) for 1-2 minutes. The pace is average.

Starting position – standing, arms down along the body. Slowly spread your arms to the sides - inhale; return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 4-6 times.

Starting position – standing, hands behind your head.

Place your right foot back on your toes, raise your arms up and to the sides, bend over. Return to the starting position. Repeat at a slow pace 4-8 times with each leg.

Starting position – standing, hands on your belt.

Perform circular movements with your pelvis, as when rotating a hula hoop. The pace is average. Do 8 rotations in each direction at an average pace.

Starting position – standing, arms down along the body.

Slowly spread your arms to the sides - inhale; squat down on your entire foot, clasping your knees with your hands – exhale; return to the starting position. Repeat 3-4 times.

The starting position is the same.

Slowly raise your left arm to the side to shoulder level, spreading your fingers with tension; At the same time, clench the fingers of your right hand into a fist. Return to the starting position. Repeat 6-8 times with each hand.

Walk at a calm pace for 1–2 minutes.

• The role of angina pectoris in ischemic forms of the disease
• In what cases is the prognosis unfavorable?
• Treatment tactics and objectives
• How to stop an angina attack
• Treatment at the "Emergency" stage
• Therapeutic measures in a hospital setting
• Treatment in outpatient settings
• Other treatments
• Application of massage
• Physiotherapy
• Folk remedies

Angina pectoris is a clinical form of coronary heart disease, which has typical manifestations in the form of:

• attacks of chest pain of a pressing nature with irradiation to the left shoulder, shoulder blade, jaw;
• pain lasting up to 30 minutes with spontaneous ending or under the influence of nitroglycerin;
• connection with physical or emotional stress.

The presence of only two signs indicates atypical angina, and only one sign is not associated with the diagnosis at all.

Such strict guidelines in diagnosis are necessary to maintain the ability to treat angina pectoris at all stages according to a single algorithm.

The role of angina pectoris in ischemic forms of the disease

Statistical studies show an increase in the prevalence of angina among the population as they age:

• among women in the group 45–64 years old, 5–7% have it, and among women aged 65–84 years, 10–12%;
• among men, this figure correspondingly increases from 4 – 7% to 12 – 14%.

In what cases is the prognosis unfavorable?

The results do not always depend on how angina is treated. Factors that negatively affect the course of the disease and lead to worse results have been studied and identified. Among them:

• presence of signs of heart failure and left ventricular weakness according to cardiac ultrasound;
• stenosis of large coronary vessels with a significant spread of the ischemic zone;
• severe pain syndrome;
• elderly patients;
• the predominance of depression in the behavior of patients.

Treatment tactics and objectives

• pain relief;
• reduction of the area of ​​myocardial ischemia.

Both tasks directly affect the prognosis and life expectancy of patients.

• give up smoking, alcoholic drinks, strong coffee;
• switch to a diet limiting animal fats (fatty meat, sour cream, cream, lard, butter) and easily digestible carbohydrates (sweets, baked goods);
• reduce physical activity to moderate, force yourself to move more, do exercises;
• If you are overweight, do low-calorie fasting days;
• engage in auto-training, yoga, suitable calming procedures to normalize sleep and improve tolerance to stressful situations.

The patient must draw up a realistic plan of action and strictly adhere to its provisions. Treatment at different stages is carried out using different methods.

How to stop an angina attack

An attack of angina can occur at any time and does not depend on the location. The patient, with the help of assistants, should:

• sit down (it is not necessary to lie down);
• release the tight collar and belt for free breathing;
• put a Nitroglycerin tablet under your tongue or spray Isoket from a can;
• if the attack happened at home, you can put mustard plaster on the heart area;
• massage the skin over the heart area, this helps reduce the duration of pain;
• Traditional treatment recommends drinking a sip of cognac (no more) to dilate blood vessels.

The effect of nitroglycerin ends after 5 minutes. You can take the pill again. Some people experience severe headaches and dizziness. This is associated with a sharp decrease in blood pressure, especially typical for hypertensive patients. It is recommended to reduce the dosage by half by dividing the tablets in half.

If there is no effect or intense pain, you should call an ambulance.

Validol remains the drug of choice, it helps to calm down, and is much weaker in potency than nitroglycerin. But some patients love this particular drug.

Treatment at the "Emergency" stage

The emergency doctor is usually interested in the medications taken. The ambulance has stronger painkillers in its arsenal to relieve an attack:

• coronary lytics that relieve spasm of the heart vessels (Papaverine, Platiphylline);
• narcotic analgesics (Morphine, Promedol, Omnopon).

They are administered subcutaneously in the absence of effect from nitroglycerin.

The cardiac team administers Droperidol and Fentanyl intravenously, and possibly short-term inhalation of nitrous oxide.

In case of a prolonged and severe attack of angina, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital.

Therapeutic measures in a hospital setting

For drug treatment of angina pectoris in a hospital setting, drugs of different groups are used, in accordance with the standards of therapy. The pharmacological action is aimed at preventing attacks, relieving spasm of coronary vessels, reducing myocardial oxygen demand and normalizing metabolic processes in cells.

There are two groups of main medications for angina pectoris.

The first line is a group of β-blockers and agents that cause the closure of calcium channels (Obzidan, Inderal, Anaprilin). Indicated for monotherapy (single drug) or in combination with other drugs.

Second line - added to first line drugs, but sometimes they themselves become means of primary treatment. These include:

• extended action nitrates (like nitroglycerin, but last up to 12 hours) Sustak, Nitrosorbide, Nitranol, Erinit;
• inhibitors at the enzyme level - Chloracizine, Trimetazine, Nicorandil, Ivabradine;
• for stable angina, patients are prescribed drugs that reduce blood clotting (Thromb ass, Cardiomagnyl, Clopidogrel).

Treatment in outpatient settings

• Therapy with one or two drugs (first and second line) continues. Curantil is prescribed to normalize blood viscosity and prevent thrombosis.
• A drug from the statin group is selected according to indications.

The combination of angina pectoris with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, rhythm and conduction disturbances requires very careful dosage selection for the elderly. You shouldn't give them your pills. Even good products can be overly effective.

• Mercazolil and Methylthiouracil contain thyroid hormones, delay the development of atherosclerosis and dilate blood vessels, and are used in courses in small dosages.
• Combined action agents include Corontin, Falikor, Intencordin.
• Under the control of a coagulogram, long-term use of modern aspirin anticoagulants is recommended.
• To normalize metabolic processes in the heart muscle, a course of taking Potassium orotate, Panangin or Asparkam, B vitamins with folic acid is indicated, and nicotinic acid is prescribed by injection.

Other treatments

In each region there are rehabilitation departments and sanatorium-type centers. They offer treatment at the expense of the compulsory health insurance fund (free for the patient) and with additional paid services for nutrition and therapy.

The standards include all necessary medications, massage, exercise therapy, balneological treatment (baths, showers), and the use of auto-training.

Application of massage

Massage of spinal points in the cervicothoracic spine, in the interscapular region, in the area of ​​the left shoulder and sternum is used.

The procedure lasts 15–20 minutes, the course is 10 sessions. The massage can be repeated twice a year.

In cases of combination of angina pectoris with hypertension, brain lesions, massage of the collar zone and electrophoresis with Eufillin are combined.

Physiotherapy

A complex of exercise therapy for angina pectoris should be selected individually by a doctor, taking into account the latest tests, ECG data and clinical symptoms.

Breathing exercises “teach” the myocardium to cope with less oxygen, help improve ventilation, and relieve the hypoxic state. It is recommended to breathe deeply 2 – 3 times a day, observing the following rules:

• the room should be well ventilated, it is better to practice outside;
• inhale through your nose for a count of 1 to 3, then hold your breath for a count of 1, 2 and slowly exhale through your mouth for a count of five;
• When exhaling, it is recommended to “beat” yourself on the chest with light movements.

Folk remedies

Treatment of angina pectoris at home is not complete without the use of folk remedies.

Currently, “rational” healers recommend crushing 300 g of garlic and mixing it with three chopped lemons and honey. Leave for at least a week. Take a tablespoon half an hour before meals. The effect of phytoncides is combined with vitamin C and natural bioactive substances.

This recipe is interesting: add 10 peeled garlic cloves to 2 cups of chicken broth and simmer for about 15 minutes. Shortly before finishing, add a finely chopped medium bunch of parsley. Strain the broth. Grind the boiled garlic and parsley and place them back into the broth. It is recommended to drink 1/3 glass before meals.

Hawthorn is taken as a tincture, 10–15 drops before meals, or boiled together with rose hips and drunk as a compote.

You can buy a ready-made alcohol tincture from motherwort herb at the pharmacy. Take 10 – 15 drops.

A mixture of dried apricots, prunes, walnuts with honey and crushed lemon contains essential vitamins and is useful for heart disease.

Treatment of angina with folk remedies does not exclude prescribed medications. Taking anticoagulants as recommended by healers can be dangerous due to increased effects. The appearance of an allergic reaction in the form of a rash or skin itching is a signal to stop using the prepared product.

When treating angina pectoris, do not become discouraged. Remember that mood affects the prognosis of the disease.

Exercises for patients with Parkinson's disease used in the rehabilitation of patients

Parkinson's disease is not very common among older people, but at least 1% of all older people have the disease. This disease is neurological in nature, and one of its main manifestations is a significant decrease in motor capabilities. This same manifestation is the main cause of disability in patients.

The main cause of the disease is a lack of dopamine, which is responsible for the motor function of the body. As the body ages, dopamine production may decrease, leading to movement disorders.

Treatment of the disease is carried out comprehensively, this includes medication, diet and a set of physical exercises.

The role of physical exercise in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease

The results of many studies clearly indicate that certain physical exercises for patients with Parkinson's disease have a positive effect on the restoration of motor functions of patients. Physical therapy exercises can reduce oxidative stress and increase dopamine transmission.

After performing a set of physical exercises, patients note a decrease in tremor and an increase in postural tissue. Objectively, there is a gradual slowdown in tissue hypotrophy in all muscle groups.

Physical therapy plays a very important role in the complex treatment of Parkinson's disease. Patients acquire new automatic stereotypes of motor functions. In addition, exercises help restore disorders of the central and autonomic nervous system, strengthen joints and muscles.

In addition, physical exercise can reduce the likelihood of injury from falls. Also, thanks to the development of new movement stereotypes, the patient’s risk of falls is reduced.

Basic recommendations for the use of physical exercise in patients with Parkinson's disease of the first severity

A set of physical exercises developed for patients with Parkinson's disease should be performed by patients every day, at least twice a day. Each lesson should last at least 30 minutes.

The training program should include exercises to develop complex movements that affect coordination and stage performance. It is necessary to include movements that allow you to relax your muscles.

Physical therapy for Parkinson's disease should include relaxation techniques, as well as breathing exercises.

Loads for Parkinson's disease should not be reduced; on the contrary, they should correspond to the recommended loads for healthy people of their age.

Ballroom dancing classes performed very well, especially for the purpose of developing coordination of movement and plasticity. Lessons with musical instruments develop fine motor skills well.

Recommendations for the use of physical education in the second stage

The second stage of the disease already significantly affects the patient’s motor abilities. Visible stiffness of movements appears. At this stage, exhausting physical activity is contraindicated, since it can lead to injuries due to falls, low blood pressure, etc.

The main focus of physical exercise is to develop stability and coordination. It is necessary to pay attention to those types of movements that are aimed at stretching muscles and increasing the motor function of joints. Breathing exercises are recommended. The goal of all exercises is to maintain physical activity and reduce the formation of factors leading to disability.

• Standing with your back to the wall, extend your arms down and touch your palms to the wall. After this, try to press your whole body into the wall as much as possible. On the count of five, relax. Repeat several times.
• Raise your hands and touch your neck with your palms. In this position, twist to the sides, trying to keep your hips motionless. Repeat several times.
• In a sitting position, touch your knees with your palms, bend until your knees stop, then bend back to the maximum. After this, sit up straight. Repeat several times.
• Tilt your head to each shoulder alternately, do not raise your shoulders.
• Movements for motor skills: use your thumb to touch the remaining fingers one by one. Gradually increase driving speed to maximum.

This is just a short general complex that can be used for every patient.

An individual physical exercise program should be drawn up by a trainer on the recommendation of a doctor, according to the individual needs of the patient.

Recommendations for physical therapy in the third stage

At the third stage, patients begin to experience postural instability. All symptoms are significantly increased and reduce household activity.

Exercise for patients with Parkinson's disease should focus on maintaining motor functions, especially walking. This is due to the fact that patients have problems maintaining and increasing movement speed, the ability to make turns and change their position relative to external factors.

Therefore, the complex must necessarily include movements that help increase their coordination and make the patient’s body more stable in space. Walking training using wide strides is recommended. Movements for training turns are also included. The patient should often walk through the doors of his home, turning in small incremental steps. The legs should be wide apart.

It is necessary to perform movements that allow you to stretch the muscles and restore mobility to the joints. Movement exercises are recommended.

Exercise therapy for hypertension: a set of exercises and gymnastics

Exercise therapy for hypertension is an essential component of complex treatment, helping to reduce the risk of complications from the cardiovascular system. Sport helps reduce the dosage of medications taken and normalizes blood pressure.

Hypertension is a common chronic disease. According to statistics, more than 20% of the adult population suffers from the disease. There is a steady upward trend. Pathology occupies a leading position in mortality from heart attack and stroke and leads to disability.

The occurrence of hypertension is based on many factors - bad habits, menopause in women, abuse of table salt, diabetes mellitus, chronic stress, impaired renal function, genetic predisposition.

Let's consider the indications and contraindications for a set of exercises, discuss the benefits of physical education for hypertension and the main nuances of execution.

Therapeutic training for hypertension

Rehabilitation for patients is selected in accordance with medical history, symptoms, and is determined by certain medical principles. For patients with stage 1 hypertension, autogenic exercises, salt-free nutrition, and gymnastics are recommended.

Conservative treatment with drugs is prescribed in cases where the three methods described did not produce the required therapeutic effect. At stages 2 and 3, drug therapy and prevention through physical exercise are recommended.

The set of exercises prescribed to the patient is determined by the state of health, the form, degree and stage of the chronic disease. In addition to exercise therapy, Strelnikova’s breathing exercises are recommended, which helps reduce diabetes and DD.

During training, hypertensive patients should refrain from the following actions:

• Rhythmic motor activity.
• Power loads (lifting loads, etc.).
• Training that takes place against the background of muscle contraction without the participation of the lower and upper extremities.

After a hypertensive attack, the rehabilitation period proceeds differently for everyone. In most cases, the patient is recommended to lie down for the first week, that is, stay in bed and not be nervous. Sanatorium-resort treatment according to the profile is advisable.

The gymnastic complex for hypertension has many advantages. Training strengthens the body and activates the activity of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. They also help restore vascular tone, normalize motor functions, and enhance metabolic processes, which together prevents the development of atherosclerotic changes.

Classes are selected individually. As a rule, exercise therapy for hypertension includes general developmental training that involves all muscle groups, as well as special classes for relaxation and relaxation.

Gymnastics is combined with a massage of the head, collar area, and shoulders. It is carried out after the training. Some patients are prescribed exercise therapy even during bed rest.

In the future, training is supplemented with aerobics, swimming, walking, active games, etc.

Classes for stage 1 hypertension

Dr. Shishonin is sure that jumps in arterial parameters are caused by circulatory disorders in the human body. He invites patients to perform exercises aimed at normalizing it.

The Bubnovsky Center accepts patients with hypertension of any degree, vegetative-vascular dystonia and other diseases. In the video presentation on the Internet, you can familiarize yourself with the features of the techniques and their effects.

Against the background of the first degree of the disease, the complex includes training aimed at relaxing the muscles in a standing or sitting position. Additionally, balls, gymnastics sticks, and light weight barbells are used.

Classes begin with an elementary load. The patient needs to walk at a normal pace in a circle, then move on his toes, then on his heels, back forward. Every 5-8 steps the execution options change. The duration of the entire exercise is up to 5 minutes. Easy to do at home.

The first exercise therapy exercises must be carried out under the guidance of an experienced instructor, who will promptly correct any errors. The patient’s main task is to adhere to all recommendations.

For quick recovery and prevention of exacerbation, the following exercises are recommended:

1. Sit on a chair, lower your hands down, and while inhaling, raise your shoulders. Then they make a backward movement, as if they are “describing” a circle. Lower, repeat 5-6 times.
2. IP – the patient sits on a chair, hands resting on the belt, breathing freely – 1 minute. Stretch your arms forward, straighten your right knee while inhaling. Place your hands in a “lock” under your knee and make rocking movements. Repeat 5 times on each leg.

The hypotensive effect of physical therapy manifests itself when the frequency of exercise is at least three times a week.

When training more than 3 times, normalization and stabilization of blood pressure at the target level is noted.

Gymnastics for hypertension 2 degrees

In case of arterial hypertension of the second degree, they start with a minimal load to give the body time to get used to it. As a rule, the picture is complicated by the patient’s excess weight, which aggravates the situation.

The exercise regimen is compiled individually. Depends on the patient’s condition and ability to perform the exercises. Includes various activities that work all muscle groups.

In addition, physiotherapy is prescribed for hypertension - warm baths, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, etc., aimed at improving blood circulation and vascular condition, which helps reduce systolic and diastolic values.

Approximate polyclinic complex for 2nd degree hypertension:

• Lie on your back, arms along your body. Bend your knees, pull your feet towards your buttocks, clench your hands into fists. Take a deep breath - tense all muscles. As you exhale, straighten your knees and unclench your fingers. Relaxation – 1 minute. Repeat 7 times.
• The starting position is the same. The hands are placed on the shoulders, then the arms are pulled up and back. After the relaxation stage, exhale. Repeat 5 times.
• Lie on the floor, while inhaling, tense all your muscles. The body is “pressed” as much as possible against a flat surface, resting your heels on it. Perform 3-4 approaches.

Therapeutic exercises for the neck are recommended for a combination of hypertension and cervical osteochondrosis, as well as other problems associated with the vertebrae in this department. Exercises are performed correctly and under the supervision of an instructor. One wrong move means pain and the risk of complications.

If during training the patient feels unwell - pain and dizziness, the face turns pale or red, it is necessary to stop exercising.

Contraindications and training features

Exercise therapy for hypertension is a useful set of exercises, but patients can receive “exemption” from it due to medical contraindications. People should be “isolated” from any physical activity if their blood pressure is above 220/120 mmHg, even if they feel well.

Exercises should not be performed with high intracranial pressure, against the background of progressive malignant hypertension. In this case, only medication treatment is prescribed; it is permissible to use folk remedies. Practice shows that the latter are ineffective.

Contraindications to exercise therapy:

1. The occurrence of shortness of breath, swelling.
2. Pulse is more than 100 beats or less than 50 beats per minute.
3. Frequent attacks of atrial fibrillation or tachycardia.
4. If the ECG showed signs of ischemia.
5. Frequent and complicated hypertensive crises.
6. A large number of leukocytes in the blood.

When treating arterial hypertension, a number of rules are followed. They allow the heart and blood vessels to adapt to changing conditions, and, accordingly, complications of various types are prevented.

The load increases gradually. Do not start with sudden and unusual activity for a person. The intensity increases with each session. Gymnastics for hypertension always begins with breathing exercises and warm-up.

Be sure to monitor blood pressure and heart rate before and after training. Maintain a drinking regime, especially in the hot season, to prevent dehydration.

Exercises are performed freely, without excessive effort. If discomfort or pain in the heart occurs, you must stop immediately or slow down the pace of exercise.

Physical therapy for arterial hypertension is part of complex therapy that helps the body recover faster after a hypertensive attack. Correct execution is the key to a full and long life with normal blood pressure levels.

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